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	United Kingdom Europe	Croatia Europe	Türkiye Europe
Overview	The United Kingdom is a major global jurisdiction with structured (and competitive) residency, business, and skilled-worker routes. Bordercase coordinates with licensed UK partners for filings.	Croatia is a Schengen-member EU country with structured residency routes for skilled workers, digital nomads, and family relocation. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Croatian partners for filings.	Türkiye offers a range of residency routes from short-term tourist residency to longer-term investor / family / work routes. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Turkish lawyers for filings.
Best for	Founders Skilled workers Global hub Banking English admin	Digital nomads Families EU access Coastal living	Citizenship by investment Cost of living Regional residency Families
Currency	GBP	EUR	TRY
Language	English	Croatian	Turkish
Time zone	UTC+0	UTC+1	UTC+3
EU member	No	Yes	No
Schengen	No	Yes	No
Residency	UK residency routes: Skilled Worker visa - employer-sponsored Innovator Founder visa - for endorsed founders Global Talent visa - for endorsed experts Self-Sponsorship via own company (with substance) Family routes - spouse / partner / dependents Ancestry visa for eligible Commonwealth nationals	Croatian residency routes: Employment-based residence Digital Nomad Residence Permit - remote workers Business / self-employment Family reunification EU citizen-derivative routes	Türkiye residency routes: Short-term residence permit (1-2 years, renewable) Family permit Work permit - employer-sponsored Student permit Citizenship-by-investment via real estate or qualifying deposits / investments
Company setup	UK Limited companies are widely used internationally. HMRC corporation tax, VAT thresholds, and PSC (people with significant control) reporting apply. Substance expectations have tightened.	d.o.o. (limited liability) is the standard structure; jednostavno d.o.o. is a simplified low-capital variant. Formation involves notary and court registration. Tax and VAT registration follow.	Limited Şirket (LLC) and AŞ (Joint Stock) are common structures. Notary registration, tax registration, and a tax representative are typically required.
Banking	Resident banking is mature but onboarding is slow for non-residents. Many international founders use UK EMIs (Revolut, Monzo Business, etc.) alongside high-street accounts. Bordercase coordinates introductions for cross-border cases.	Resident banking is broadly accessible; corporate banking depends on activity. Bordercase coordinates introductions for cross-border cases.	Personal banking for residents is broadly accessible; non-resident corporate banking has tightened. Source-of-funds and ownership clarity are central.
Family	Family reunification is supported. Schools (state, private, international) are widely available; competition for top schools is real.	Family reunification is supported. International schools are available in Zagreb and along the coast.	Family reunification is supported on most routes. International schools (English, German, French, Italian) are available in Istanbul and Ankara.
Risks	Risks Bordercase watches for in the UK: Tax residency triggers (Statutory Residence Test) Sole-rep / Innovator endorsement standards have tightened Brexit-era operational variation between UK and EU services Sponsorship Compliance for licensed sponsors	Risks Bordercase watches for in Croatia: Tax residency triggers Processing variations Digital nomad permit renewal rules and re-entry constraints	Risks Bordercase watches for in Türkiye: Restricted residency zones (some districts no longer issue short-term residency to foreigners) Currency volatility on investment routes Shifting policy on the citizenship-by-investment programme Banking documentation requirements tighten regularly
Documents	Typical UK documents: Passport Certificate of Sponsorship (for sponsored routes) TB test (for certain nationalities) Maintenance funds evidence Apostilled / certified documents for family routes	Typical Croatian residency documents: Passport Criminal record certificate Proof of accommodation Health insurance Employment / income evidence Family certificates Apostilled and translated to Croatian.	Typical Türkiye documents: Passport Biometric photos Proof of address Proof of income or savings Health insurance Criminal record certificate Marriage / birth certificates for family Documents apostilled and translated to Turkish.

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