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	Spain Europe	Paraguay Latin America	Cyprus Europe
Overview	Spain offers structured EU residency routes for individuals, families, and entrepreneurs, including the digital nomad visa introduced under the Startups Law. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Spanish partners for filings.	Paraguay offers one of the more accessible residency routes in Latin America for individuals seeking a second residence. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Paraguayan partners for filings.	Cyprus is an EU member state with established routes for residency, company setup, and family relocation. Bordercase coordinates with regulated Cypriot lawyers and corporate-services providers for filings and ongoing compliance.
Best for	Families Remote workers EU access Cost of living	Second residency Low day-count Cost of living Latin America	Founders Holding structures EU access English admin
Currency	EUR	PYG	EUR
Language	Spanish	Spanish / Guaraní	Greek / English
Time zone	UTC+1	UTC-4	UTC+2
EU member	Yes	No	Yes
Schengen	Yes	No	No
Residency	Spanish residency routes: Non-Lucrative Visa - passive income, no employment in Spain Digital Nomad Visa - remote workers and self-employed (Startups Law) Self-Employed Visa Entrepreneur Visa EU citizen-derivative routes The Golden Visa has been phased out for real estate purchases.	Paraguay residency routes: Permanent residency via proof of solvency / qualifying income - the standard route Family inclusion on the main application Physical-presence requirements are relatively low compared to other jurisdictions.	Cyprus residency routes: Permanent residency by investment (Cat F / Cat 6.2) Digital Nomad Visa Employment routes (including the international headquartering route) Family reunification The investor citizenship programme is closed.
Company setup	SL (Sociedad Limitada) is the standard private company. Registration involves NIE / NIF, notary, mercantile registry, and tax registration. Spanish tax residency triggers worldwide income reporting; the Beckham Law (special tax regime) may apply to eligible relocated workers.	SRL (Limited Liability) and SA (Joint Stock) structures are available; entity setup is well-supported by local partners. Substance and reporting requirements should be confirmed at setup.	Cyprus Limited companies are widely used by international groups for IP, holding, and trading structures. Substance, local director, and accounting requirements have tightened in recent years and must be planned at setup.
Banking	Personal banking for residents is straightforward; corporate banking depends on activity and structure. Bordercase coordinates introductions for non-standard cases.	Personal banking for residents is accessible. Bordercase coordinates introductions and documentation prep.	Cypriot banks have strict KYC and source-of-funds processes following past compliance episodes. EMIs are widely used as supplements. Personal and corporate banking introductions go through vetted partners.
Family	Family reunification is supported on most residency routes after a qualifying period. Schools (public, private, international) are widely available; the public system is generally accessible to legal residents.	Family inclusion on residency applications is supported. Schools (Spanish-language and limited international) are concentrated in Asunción.	Family reunification is available on most routes. English-language schools (public and private) and healthcare options are widely accessible to legal residents.
Risks	Risks Bordercase watches for in Spain: Tax residency triggers - 183 days + centre of interests Beckham Law (special regime) eligibility Autonomous-community tax variation Hacienda audits when planning is unclear Past Schengen overstays must be disclosed	Risks Bordercase watches for in Paraguay: Residency vs tax residency confusion Document apostille and translation requirements must be tracked carefully Some originating countries are subject to additional scrutiny Real-world banking outside Paraguay may not change because of Paraguayan residency	Common pitfalls in Cyprus cases: Post-reform substance requirements underestimated Banking timelines longer than expected Permanent residency confused with citizenship (different programmes) Some sectors face additional KYC scrutiny
Documents	Typical Spanish residency documents: Passport NIE (foreigner identification number) Criminal record certificate with apostille Proof of income / assets Health insurance with full cover in Spain Accommodation evidence Marriage / birth certificates for family routes	Typical Paraguay documents: Passport Criminal record certificate (origin country + any country of residence in last 5 years) Marriage / birth certificates for family Proof of income or solvency (savings / pension / business) All documents apostilled and translated to Spanish.	Typical document pack for Cyprus residency: Passport Criminal record certificate (apostilled) Proof of income / investment Health insurance valid in Cyprus Accommodation evidence Education certificates (for relevant routes) Marriage / birth certificates for family routes For company formation: business plan, ownership-chain documents, and KYC for all ultimate beneficial owners.

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