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	Spain Europe	Georgia Europe	Romania Europe	Panama Central America & Caribbean
Overview	Spain offers structured EU residency routes for individuals, families, and entrepreneurs, including the digital nomad visa introduced under the Startups Law. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Spanish partners for filings.	Georgia is one of the most accessible jurisdictions in the world for relocation, banking, and company setup - with 1-year visa-free entry for 95+ nationalities and a clean, modern tax framework. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Georgian partners for filings.

Best for	Families Remote workers EU access Cost of living	Founders IT professionals Tax simplification Banking diversification Cost of living	Founders Digital nomads EU access Cost of living	Second residency USD economy Asset planning Holding structures

Residency	Spanish residency routes: Non-Lucrative Visa - passive income, no employment in Spain Digital Nomad Visa - remote workers and self-employed (Startups Law) Self-Employed Visa Entrepreneur Visa EU citizen-derivative routes The Golden Visa has been phased out for real estate purchases.	Common Georgian residency routes: Work residence - employer-sponsored or via your own Georgian LLC Investment residence - real estate, capital, or business investment thresholds Study residence - enrolment at a Georgian institution Family reunification - spouse, children, dependant parents Permanent residence - typically after 6 years of continuous lawful stay Many nationalities can stay visa-free for 365 days, which is often used to plan the right route without time pressure.	Romanian residency routes: Employment-based residence (including the Blue Card) Digital Nomad Visa - remote workers Business / investor routes Family reunification EU citizen-derivative routes	Panama residency routes: Friendly Nations Visa - now requires economic tie (employment, real estate, or investment) Qualified Investor Visa - qualifying investment thresholds Pensionado / Retiree Visa - qualifying pension income Family routes

Company setup	SL (Sociedad Limitada) is the standard private company. Registration involves NIE / NIF, notary, mercantile registry, and tax registration. Spanish tax residency triggers worldwide income reporting; the Beckham Law (special tax regime) may apply to eligible relocated workers.	Standard Georgian entities and tax treatment: LLC (Shps) - the default structure; fast online formation Individual Entrepreneur (IE) - simple setup; Small Business Status offers 1% turnover tax up to ~500k GEL/year for qualifying activities Virtual Zone - 0% corporate income tax on qualifying IT-export profits (subject to substance and qualifying-activity tests) International Company Status - reduced 5% CIT for qualifying IT and maritime companies with real operations Bordercase coordinates structure choice to match real activity and avoid substance traps.	SRL (limited liability) is the standard structure. Formation involves notary and trade registry. Microcompany tax regime may apply for small businesses with eligible activities.	Panamanian corporations (SA) and Private Interest Foundations are widely used. Beneficial ownership reporting, CRS / FATCA compliance, and substance discussions have become material; planning must reflect current standards.

Banking	Personal banking for residents is straightforward; corporate banking depends on activity and structure. Bordercase coordinates introductions for non-standard cases.	Personal and corporate banking is broadly accessible to residents and non-residents through TBC, Bank of Georgia, and others - typically with USD, EUR, and GEL accounts. Compliance has tightened materially since 2023; clear source-of-funds, business narrative, and tax residency clarity matter. Bordercase coordinates introductions where useful.	Personal and corporate banking for residents is broadly accessible. Bordercase coordinates introductions for non-standard cross-border structures.	Panamanian banking has tightened KYC and source-of-funds requirements. Non-resident applications take time; Bordercase coordinates introductions through current banking partners.

Family	Family reunification is supported on most residency routes after a qualifying period. Schools (public, private, international) are widely available; the public system is generally accessible to legal residents.	Family reunification is supported across most residency routes. English-language international schools are available in Tbilisi and Batumi. Healthcare is a mix of public and private; expat-grade private cover is recommended.	Family reunification is supported. International schools (English, French, German) are concentrated in Bucharest, Cluj, and Timișoara.	Family reunification is supported on most residency routes. International schools (English-language and Spanish) are available in Panama City.

Risks	Risks Bordercase watches for in Spain: Tax residency triggers - 183 days + centre of interests Beckham Law (special regime) eligibility Autonomous-community tax variation Hacienda audits when planning is unclear Past Schengen overstays must be disclosed	Risks Bordercase watches for in Georgia: Tax residency triggers - 183 days makes you tax-resident even without a permit Virtual Zone / IE status misuse - real activity must match the qualifying category, audits do happen Banking compliance - certain nationalities, sectors, and source-of-funds patterns face additional scrutiny Russia/Ukraine-related restrictions - operational and reputational considerations for some cases Permit timing - applying from inside Georgia vs at a consulate has different rules and risks	Risks Bordercase watches for in Romania: Tax residency triggers Microcompany regime eligibility Processing variations between counties Schengen entry / exit rules now apply	Risks Bordercase watches for in Panama: Reputational / de-banking risks for poorly structured offshore-only setups Tax residency analysis for clients with other obligations (CRS / FATCA) Processing delays at Migration UBO reporting is now active

Documents	Typical Spanish residency documents: Passport NIE (foreigner identification number) Criminal record certificate with apostille Proof of income / assets Health insurance with full cover in Spain Accommodation evidence Marriage / birth certificates for family routes	Typical Georgian residency documents: Passport (6+ months valid) Proof of basis (employment, business, study, family) Proof of accommodation Health insurance valid in Georgia Bank statements / proof of income Criminal record certificate (apostilled, where required) Marriage / birth certificates for family routes Apostille and certified translation into Georgian where required.	Typical Romanian residency documents: Passport Criminal record certificate Proof of address Basis for residence Health insurance Family certificates Apostilled and translated to Romanian.	Typical Panama documents: Passport Criminal record certificate (apostilled) Proof of economic tie (employment letter, property deed, or investment evidence) Proof of address Marriage / birth certificates for family All documents apostilled and translated where required.