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Countries

	Spain Europe	Croatia Europe	Slovakia Europe	Uruguay Latin America
Overview	Spain offers structured EU residency routes for individuals, families, and entrepreneurs, including the digital nomad visa introduced under the Startups Law. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Spanish partners for filings.	Croatia is a Schengen-member EU country with structured residency routes for skilled workers, digital nomads, and family relocation. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Croatian partners for filings.	Slovakia offers EU residency and corporate structures with a stable regulatory environment and competitive costs. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Slovak partners for filings.	Uruguay is a stable South American jurisdiction with structured residency routes, strong civil infrastructure, and notable second-residence appeal for HNW relocators. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Uruguayan partners.
Best for	Families Remote workers EU access Cost of living	Digital nomads Families EU access Coastal living	Founders EU access Cost of living	HNW Stable economy Latin America hub Banking
Currency	EUR	EUR	EUR	UYU
Language	Spanish	Croatian	Slovak	Spanish
Time zone	UTC+1	UTC+1	UTC+1	UTC-3
EU member	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Schengen	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Residency	Spanish residency routes: Non-Lucrative Visa - passive income, no employment in Spain Digital Nomad Visa - remote workers and self-employed (Startups Law) Self-Employed Visa Entrepreneur Visa EU citizen-derivative routes The Golden Visa has been phased out for real estate purchases.	Croatian residency routes: Employment-based residence Digital Nomad Residence Permit - remote workers Business / self-employment Family reunification EU citizen-derivative routes	Slovak residency routes: Employment-based residence Start-up visa - innovative businesses Business / self-employment Family reunification EU citizen-derivative routes	Uruguayan residency routes: Standard residency - proof of income / qualifying activity Investor route Retirement / pensioner route MERCOSUR fast-track for member-state nationals Family reunification
Company setup	SL (Sociedad Limitada) is the standard private company. Registration involves NIE / NIF, notary, mercantile registry, and tax registration. Spanish tax residency triggers worldwide income reporting; the Beckham Law (special tax regime) may apply to eligible relocated workers.	d.o.o. (limited liability) is the standard structure; jednostavno d.o.o. is a simplified low-capital variant. Formation involves notary and court registration. Tax and VAT registration follow.	S.R.O. (private limited) is the standard entity, with relatively low minimum capital and well-established formation processes. VAT registration depends on activity.	SAS and SA are common structures. DGI tax registration and BPS social-security registration follow.
Banking	Personal banking for residents is straightforward; corporate banking depends on activity and structure. Bordercase coordinates introductions for non-standard cases.	Resident banking is broadly accessible; corporate banking depends on activity. Bordercase coordinates introductions for cross-border cases.	Resident banking is straightforward; corporate banking varies by activity. Bordercase coordinates introductions for cross-border cases.	Residency unlocks personal banking. Uruguay has historically been a HNW banking destination in the region; standards have tightened materially.
Family	Family reunification is supported on most residency routes after a qualifying period. Schools (public, private, international) are widely available; the public system is generally accessible to legal residents.	Family reunification is supported. International schools are available in Zagreb and along the coast.	Family reunification is supported. International schools are available in Bratislava.	Family reunification is supported. Schools (public, private, bilingual, international) are concentrated in Montevideo and Punta del Este.
Risks	Risks Bordercase watches for in Spain: Tax residency triggers - 183 days + centre of interests Beckham Law (special regime) eligibility Autonomous-community tax variation Hacienda audits when planning is unclear Past Schengen overstays must be disclosed	Risks Bordercase watches for in Croatia: Tax residency triggers Processing variations Digital nomad permit renewal rules and re-entry constraints	Risks Bordercase watches for in Slovakia: Tax residency triggers VAT registration timing for cross-border services Processing variations between districts	Risks Bordercase watches for in Uruguay: Tax residency triggers (the new-resident tax holiday has conditions) Banking documentation and source-of-funds rigor Apostille + Spanish translation requirements
Documents	Typical Spanish residency documents: Passport NIE (foreigner identification number) Criminal record certificate with apostille Proof of income / assets Health insurance with full cover in Spain Accommodation evidence Marriage / birth certificates for family routes	Typical Croatian residency documents: Passport Criminal record certificate Proof of accommodation Health insurance Employment / income evidence Family certificates Apostilled and translated to Croatian.	Typical Slovak residency documents: Passport Criminal record certificate Proof of address Health insurance Employment or business documentation Family certificates with apostille and translation	Typical Uruguayan documents: Passport Apostilled foreign documents Proof of income or investment Health insurance Spanish translations where required

Europe

Europe

Europe

Latin America

Overview

Spain offers structured EU residency routes for individuals, families, and entrepreneurs, including the digital nomad visa introduced under the Startups Law. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Spanish partners for filings.

Croatia is a Schengen-member EU country with structured residency routes for skilled workers, digital nomads, and family relocation. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Croatian partners for filings.

Slovakia offers EU residency and corporate structures with a stable regulatory environment and competitive costs. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Slovak partners for filings.

Uruguay is a stable South American jurisdiction with structured residency routes, strong civil infrastructure, and notable second-residence appeal for HNW relocators. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Uruguayan partners.

Best for

Families
Remote workers
EU access
Cost of living

Digital nomads
Families
EU access
Coastal living

Founders
EU access
Cost of living

HNW
Stable economy
Latin America hub
Banking

Currency

EUR

UYU

Language

Spanish

Croatian

Slovak

Spanish

Time zone

UTC+1

UTC-3

EU member

Yes

Schengen

Yes

Residency

Spanish residency routes:

Non-Lucrative Visa - passive income, no employment in Spain
Digital Nomad Visa - remote workers and self-employed (Startups Law)
Self-Employed Visa
Entrepreneur Visa
EU citizen-derivative routes

The Golden Visa has been phased out for real estate purchases.

Croatian residency routes:

Employment-based residence
Digital Nomad Residence Permit - remote workers
Business / self-employment
Family reunification
EU citizen-derivative routes

Slovak residency routes:

Employment-based residence
Start-up visa - innovative businesses
Business / self-employment
Family reunification
EU citizen-derivative routes

Uruguayan residency routes:

Standard residency - proof of income / qualifying activity
Investor route
Retirement / pensioner route
MERCOSUR fast-track for member-state nationals
Family reunification

Company setup

SL (Sociedad Limitada) is the standard private company. Registration involves NIE / NIF, notary, mercantile registry, and tax registration. Spanish tax residency triggers worldwide income reporting; the Beckham Law (special tax regime) may apply to eligible relocated workers.

d.o.o. (limited liability) is the standard structure; jednostavno d.o.o. is a simplified low-capital variant. Formation involves notary and court registration. Tax and VAT registration follow.

S.R.O. (private limited) is the standard entity, with relatively low minimum capital and well-established formation processes. VAT registration depends on activity.

SAS and SA are common structures. DGI tax registration and BPS social-security registration follow.

Banking

Personal banking for residents is straightforward; corporate banking depends on activity and structure. Bordercase coordinates introductions for non-standard cases.

Resident banking is broadly accessible; corporate banking depends on activity. Bordercase coordinates introductions for cross-border cases.

Resident banking is straightforward; corporate banking varies by activity. Bordercase coordinates introductions for cross-border cases.

Residency unlocks personal banking. Uruguay has historically been a HNW banking destination in the region; standards have tightened materially.

Family

Family reunification is supported on most residency routes after a qualifying period. Schools (public, private, international) are widely available; the public system is generally accessible to legal residents.

Family reunification is supported. International schools are available in Zagreb and along the coast.

Family reunification is supported. International schools are available in Bratislava.

Family reunification is supported. Schools (public, private, bilingual, international) are concentrated in Montevideo and Punta del Este.

Risks

Risks Bordercase watches for in Spain:

Tax residency triggers - 183 days + centre of interests
Beckham Law (special regime) eligibility
Autonomous-community tax variation
Hacienda audits when planning is unclear
Past Schengen overstays must be disclosed

Risks Bordercase watches for in Croatia:

Tax residency triggers
Processing variations
Digital nomad permit renewal rules and re-entry constraints

Risks Bordercase watches for in Slovakia:

Tax residency triggers
VAT registration timing for cross-border services
Processing variations between districts

Risks Bordercase watches for in Uruguay:

Tax residency triggers (the new-resident tax holiday has conditions)
Banking documentation and source-of-funds rigor
Apostille + Spanish translation requirements

Documents

Typical Spanish residency documents:

Passport
NIE (foreigner identification number)
Criminal record certificate with apostille
Proof of income / assets
Health insurance with full cover in Spain
Accommodation evidence
Marriage / birth certificates for family routes

Typical Croatian residency documents:

Passport
Criminal record certificate
Proof of accommodation
Health insurance
Employment / income evidence
Family certificates

Apostilled and translated to Croatian.

Typical Slovak residency documents:

Passport
Criminal record certificate
Proof of address
Health insurance
Employment or business documentation
Family certificates with apostille and translation

Typical Uruguayan documents:

Passport
Apostilled foreign documents
Proof of income or investment
Health insurance
Spanish translations where required