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	Spain Europe	Bulgaria Europe	Grenada Central America & Caribbean	Saint Kitts and Nevis Central America & Caribbean
Overview	Spain offers structured EU residency routes for individuals, families, and entrepreneurs, including the digital nomad visa introduced under the Startups Law. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Spanish partners for filings.	Bulgaria is an EU member state with competitive corporate tax, structured residency routes, and a well-developed digital infrastructure. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Bulgarian partners for filings.	Grenada is a Caribbean jurisdiction with a Citizenship by Investment programme that uniquely supports US E-2 treaty access. Bordercase coordinates with authorised local agents.	Saint Kitts and Nevis is a Caribbean jurisdiction with one of the oldest citizenship-by-investment programmes. Bordercase coordinates with authorised local agents and licensed advisers - citizenship outcomes remain at the discretion of the Citizenship by Investment Unit.
Best for	Families Remote workers EU access Cost of living	Founders EU access Cost of living	Second passport US E-2 access English admin	Second passport Caribbean residency Asset planning
Currency	EUR	BGN / EUR transition	XCD	XCD / USD
Language	Spanish	Bulgarian	English	English
Time zone	UTC+1	UTC+2	UTC-4	UTC-4
EU member	Yes	Yes	No	No
Schengen	Yes	Yes	No	No
Residency	Spanish residency routes: Non-Lucrative Visa - passive income, no employment in Spain Digital Nomad Visa - remote workers and self-employed (Startups Law) Self-Employed Visa Entrepreneur Visa EU citizen-derivative routes The Golden Visa has been phased out for real estate purchases.	Bulgarian residency routes: Employment-based residence Business / self-employment routes Retirement / pensioner residency Family reunification EU citizen-derivative routes Permanent residence typically after 5 years.	Grenada routes: Citizenship by Investment (CBI) via fund contribution or qualifying real-estate investment Standard work permits Family routes	Saint Kitts and Nevis routes: Citizenship by Investment (CBI) via the Sustainable Growth Fund CBI via approved real-estate investment Standard work / family routes Citizenship outcomes remain at the discretion of the Citizenship by Investment Unit.
Company setup	SL (Sociedad Limitada) is the standard private company. Registration involves NIE / NIF, notary, mercantile registry, and tax registration. Spanish tax residency triggers worldwide income reporting; the Beckham Law (special tax regime) may apply to eligible relocated workers.	OOD (LLC) and EOOD (single-shareholder LLC) are common structures. Formation is well-documented. Corporate tax is at a flat rate; VAT registration depends on activity.	Domestic companies and IBCs are common in international structures.	Nevis IBCs and LLCs are commonly used in international structures. Substance, beneficial ownership disclosure, and AML standards have tightened materially.
Banking	Personal banking for residents is straightforward; corporate banking depends on activity and structure. Bordercase coordinates introductions for non-standard cases.	Personal and corporate banking for residents is broadly accessible. Source-of-funds documentation matters for non-standard cases. Bordercase coordinates banking introductions.	Banking is selective. Bordercase coordinates banking introductions through current partners.	Domestic and offshore banking options exist but have become more selective on KYC and source of funds. Bordercase coordinates banking pack preparation and partner introductions.
Family	Family reunification is supported on most residency routes after a qualifying period. Schools (public, private, international) are widely available; the public system is generally accessible to legal residents.	Family reunification is supported. Schools (public, private, English, German, French) are concentrated in Sofia, Plovdiv, and Varna.	CBI can include qualifying dependents.	CBI applications can include qualifying dependants - spouse, children, and in some cases parents - under specific conditions.
Risks	Risks Bordercase watches for in Spain: Tax residency triggers - 183 days + centre of interests Beckham Law (special regime) eligibility Autonomous-community tax variation Hacienda audits when planning is unclear Past Schengen overstays must be disclosed	Risks Bordercase watches for in Bulgaria: Tax residency triggers VAT classification on cross-border services Processing variations between regions Euro adoption is in progress - operational planning needed	Risks Bordercase watches for in Grenada: Programme parameters change Due diligence has tightened Reputational and revocation risks if information is misrepresented	Risks Bordercase watches for in Saint Kitts: Programme parameters change Due diligence has tightened materially Rejection rates have risen for incomplete or unclear source-of-funds presentations Visa-revocation and reputational risks if information is misrepresented
Documents	Typical Spanish residency documents: Passport NIE (foreigner identification number) Criminal record certificate with apostille Proof of income / assets Health insurance with full cover in Spain Accommodation evidence Marriage / birth certificates for family routes	Typical Bulgarian residency documents: Passport Criminal record certificate Proof of address Basis for residence (employment, business, etc.) Health insurance Family certificates Apostilled and translated to Bulgarian.	Typical CBI documents: Passport Due diligence questionnaires Source-of-funds evidence (extensive) Family certificates with apostille and translation	Typical CBI documents: Passport Due diligence questionnaires Source-of-funds evidence (extensive) Employment / business documentation Family certificates with apostille and certified translation Police clearance certificates for all countries of residence in the prior 10 years

Spain

Europe

Bulgaria

Europe

Grenada

Central America & Caribbean

Saint Kitts and Nevis

Central America & Caribbean

Overview

Spain offers structured EU residency routes for individuals, families, and entrepreneurs, including the digital nomad visa introduced under the Startups Law. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Spanish partners for filings.

Bulgaria is an EU member state with competitive corporate tax, structured residency routes, and a well-developed digital infrastructure. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Bulgarian partners for filings.

Grenada is a Caribbean jurisdiction with a Citizenship by Investment programme that uniquely supports US E-2 treaty access. Bordercase coordinates with authorised local agents.

Saint Kitts and Nevis is a Caribbean jurisdiction with one of the oldest citizenship-by-investment programmes. Bordercase coordinates with authorised local agents and licensed advisers - citizenship outcomes remain at the discretion of the Citizenship by Investment Unit.

Best for

Families
Remote workers
EU access
Cost of living

Founders
EU access
Cost of living

Second passport
US E-2 access
English admin

Second passport
Caribbean residency
Asset planning

Currency

EUR

BGN / EUR transition

XCD

XCD / USD

Language

Spanish

Bulgarian

English

Time zone

UTC+1

UTC+2

UTC-4

EU member

Yes

Schengen

Yes

Residency

Spanish residency routes:

Non-Lucrative Visa - passive income, no employment in Spain
Digital Nomad Visa - remote workers and self-employed (Startups Law)
Self-Employed Visa
Entrepreneur Visa
EU citizen-derivative routes

The Golden Visa has been phased out for real estate purchases.

Bulgarian residency routes:

Employment-based residence
Business / self-employment routes
Retirement / pensioner residency
Family reunification
EU citizen-derivative routes

Permanent residence typically after 5 years.

Grenada routes:

Citizenship by Investment (CBI) via fund contribution or qualifying real-estate investment
Standard work permits
Family routes

Saint Kitts and Nevis routes:

Citizenship by Investment (CBI) via the Sustainable Growth Fund
CBI via approved real-estate investment
Standard work / family routes

Citizenship outcomes remain at the discretion of the Citizenship by Investment Unit.

Company setup

SL (Sociedad Limitada) is the standard private company. Registration involves NIE / NIF, notary, mercantile registry, and tax registration. Spanish tax residency triggers worldwide income reporting; the Beckham Law (special tax regime) may apply to eligible relocated workers.

OOD (LLC) and EOOD (single-shareholder LLC) are common structures. Formation is well-documented. Corporate tax is at a flat rate; VAT registration depends on activity.

Domestic companies and IBCs are common in international structures.

Nevis IBCs and LLCs are commonly used in international structures. Substance, beneficial ownership disclosure, and AML standards have tightened materially.

Banking

Personal banking for residents is straightforward; corporate banking depends on activity and structure. Bordercase coordinates introductions for non-standard cases.

Personal and corporate banking for residents is broadly accessible. Source-of-funds documentation matters for non-standard cases. Bordercase coordinates banking introductions.

Banking is selective. Bordercase coordinates banking introductions through current partners.

Domestic and offshore banking options exist but have become more selective on KYC and source of funds. Bordercase coordinates banking pack preparation and partner introductions.

Family

Family reunification is supported on most residency routes after a qualifying period. Schools (public, private, international) are widely available; the public system is generally accessible to legal residents.

Family reunification is supported. Schools (public, private, English, German, French) are concentrated in Sofia, Plovdiv, and Varna.

CBI can include qualifying dependents.

CBI applications can include qualifying dependants - spouse, children, and in some cases parents - under specific conditions.

Risks

Risks Bordercase watches for in Spain:

Tax residency triggers - 183 days + centre of interests
Beckham Law (special regime) eligibility
Autonomous-community tax variation
Hacienda audits when planning is unclear
Past Schengen overstays must be disclosed

Risks Bordercase watches for in Bulgaria:

Tax residency triggers
VAT classification on cross-border services
Processing variations between regions
Euro adoption is in progress - operational planning needed

Risks Bordercase watches for in Grenada:

Programme parameters change
Due diligence has tightened
Reputational and revocation risks if information is misrepresented

Risks Bordercase watches for in Saint Kitts:

Programme parameters change
Due diligence has tightened materially
Rejection rates have risen for incomplete or unclear source-of-funds presentations
Visa-revocation and reputational risks if information is misrepresented

Documents

Typical Spanish residency documents:

Passport
NIE (foreigner identification number)
Criminal record certificate with apostille
Proof of income / assets
Health insurance with full cover in Spain
Accommodation evidence
Marriage / birth certificates for family routes

Typical Bulgarian residency documents:

Passport
Criminal record certificate
Proof of address
Basis for residence (employment, business, etc.)
Health insurance
Family certificates

Apostilled and translated to Bulgarian.

Typical CBI documents:

Passport
Due diligence questionnaires
Source-of-funds evidence (extensive)
Family certificates with apostille and translation

Typical CBI documents:

Passport
Due diligence questionnaires
Source-of-funds evidence (extensive)
Employment / business documentation
Family certificates with apostille and certified translation
Police clearance certificates for all countries of residence in the prior 10 years