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	Panama Central America & Caribbean	Grenada Central America & Caribbean	Georgia Europe	Mauritius Africa
Overview	Panama is a long-established jurisdiction for residency and offshore company structures with a stable USD economy. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Panamanian lawyers and corporate-services partners.	Grenada is a Caribbean jurisdiction with a Citizenship by Investment programme that uniquely supports US E-2 treaty access. Bordercase coordinates with authorised local agents.

Best for	Second residency USD economy Asset planning Holding structures	Second passport US E-2 access English admin	Founders IT professionals Tax simplification Banking diversification Cost of living	Founders Banking Trust HNW English admin

Residency	Panama residency routes: Friendly Nations Visa - now requires economic tie (employment, real estate, or investment) Qualified Investor Visa - qualifying investment thresholds Pensionado / Retiree Visa - qualifying pension income Family routes	Grenada routes: Citizenship by Investment (CBI) via fund contribution or qualifying real-estate investment Standard work permits Family routes	Common Georgian residency routes: Work residence - employer-sponsored or via your own Georgian LLC Investment residence - real estate, capital, or business investment thresholds Study residence - enrolment at a Georgian institution Family reunification - spouse, children, dependant parents Permanent residence - typically after 6 years of continuous lawful stay Many nationalities can stay visa-free for 365 days, which is often used to plan the right route without time pressure.	Mauritius residency routes: Premium Visa - remote work Occupation Permit - investor / professional / self-employed Residence Permit by property purchase - within approved schemes Family routes

Company setup	Panamanian corporations (SA) and Private Interest Foundations are widely used. Beneficial ownership reporting, CRS / FATCA compliance, and substance discussions have become material; planning must reflect current standards.	Domestic companies and IBCs are common in international structures.	Standard Georgian entities and tax treatment: LLC (Shps) - the default structure; fast online formation Individual Entrepreneur (IE) - simple setup; Small Business Status offers 1% turnover tax up to ~500k GEL/year for qualifying activities Virtual Zone - 0% corporate income tax on qualifying IT-export profits (subject to substance and qualifying-activity tests) International Company Status - reduced 5% CIT for qualifying IT and maritime companies with real operations Bordercase coordinates structure choice to match real activity and avoid substance traps.	GBC (Global Business Company) and Domestic Companies are the standard structures. Substance requirements following OECD reforms must be considered; the GBC framework has evolved materially.

Banking	Panamanian banking has tightened KYC and source-of-funds requirements. Non-resident applications take time; Bordercase coordinates introductions through current banking partners.	Banking is selective. Bordercase coordinates banking introductions through current partners.	Personal and corporate banking is broadly accessible to residents and non-residents through TBC, Bank of Georgia, and others - typically with USD, EUR, and GEL accounts. Compliance has tightened materially since 2023; clear source-of-funds, business narrative, and tax residency clarity matter. Bordercase coordinates introductions where useful.	Local banks support resident and corporate accounts; KYC and source-of-funds requirements are real. Bordercase coordinates banking introductions.

Family	Family reunification is supported on most residency routes. International schools (English-language and Spanish) are available in Panama City.	CBI can include qualifying dependents.	Family reunification is supported across most residency routes. English-language international schools are available in Tbilisi and Batumi. Healthcare is a mix of public and private; expat-grade private cover is recommended.	Family inclusion is supported. International schools are available in major regions.

Risks	Risks Bordercase watches for in Panama: Reputational / de-banking risks for poorly structured offshore-only setups Tax residency analysis for clients with other obligations (CRS / FATCA) Processing delays at Migration UBO reporting is now active	Risks Bordercase watches for in Grenada: Programme parameters change Due diligence has tightened Reputational and revocation risks if information is misrepresented	Risks Bordercase watches for in Georgia: Tax residency triggers - 183 days makes you tax-resident even without a permit Virtual Zone / IE status misuse - real activity must match the qualifying category, audits do happen Banking compliance - certain nationalities, sectors, and source-of-funds patterns face additional scrutiny Russia/Ukraine-related restrictions - operational and reputational considerations for some cases Permit timing - applying from inside Georgia vs at a consulate has different rules and risks	Risks Bordercase watches for in Mauritius: Substance reform impacts on Global Business Companies FATCA / CRS reporting on related accounts Mauritian residency vs physical-presence-based tax residence elsewhere Banking introductions vary by activity

Documents	Typical Panama documents: Passport Criminal record certificate (apostilled) Proof of economic tie (employment letter, property deed, or investment evidence) Proof of address Marriage / birth certificates for family All documents apostilled and translated where required.	Typical CBI documents: Passport Due diligence questionnaires Source-of-funds evidence (extensive) Family certificates with apostille and translation	Typical Georgian residency documents: Passport (6+ months valid) Proof of basis (employment, business, study, family) Proof of accommodation Health insurance valid in Georgia Bank statements / proof of income Criminal record certificate (apostilled, where required) Marriage / birth certificates for family routes Apostille and certified translation into Georgian where required.	Typical Mauritius documents: Passport Criminal record certificate Proof of income / investment Health insurance Accommodation evidence Marriage / birth certificates for family Apostille where required.