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 PA flagPanama

Central America & Caribbean

DM flagDominica

Central America & Caribbean

UY flagUruguay

Latin America

OverviewPanama is a long-established jurisdiction for residency and offshore company structures with a stable USD economy. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Panamanian lawyers and corporate-services partners.Dominica is a Caribbean jurisdiction with a long-standing Citizenship by Investment programme. Bordercase coordinates with authorised local agents.Uruguay is a stable South American jurisdiction with structured residency routes, strong civil infrastructure, and notable second-residence appeal for HNW relocators. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Uruguayan partners.
Best for
  • Second residency
  • USD economy
  • Asset planning
  • Holding structures
  • Second passport
  • English admin
  • Caribbean residency
  • HNW
  • Stable economy
  • Latin America hub
  • Banking
CurrencyUSDXCDUYU
LanguageSpanishEnglishSpanish
Time zoneUTC-5UTC-4UTC-3
EU memberNoNoNo
SchengenNoNoNo
Residency

Panama residency routes:

  • Friendly Nations Visa - now requires economic tie (employment, real estate, or investment)
  • Qualified Investor Visa - qualifying investment thresholds
  • Pensionado / Retiree Visa - qualifying pension income
  • Family routes

Dominica routes:

  • Citizenship by Investment (CBI) via fund contribution or approved real-estate investment
  • Standard work permits
  • Family routes

Uruguayan residency routes:

  • Standard residency - proof of income / qualifying activity
  • Investor route
  • Retirement / pensioner route
  • MERCOSUR fast-track for member-state nationals
  • Family reunification
Company setup

Panamanian corporations (SA) and Private Interest Foundations are widely used. Beneficial ownership reporting, CRS / FATCA compliance, and substance discussions have become material; planning must reflect current standards.

Domestic companies and IBCs are common in international structures.

SAS and SA are common structures. DGI tax registration and BPS social-security registration follow.

Banking

Panamanian banking has tightened KYC and source-of-funds requirements. Non-resident applications take time; Bordercase coordinates introductions through current banking partners.

Banking is selective. Bordercase coordinates banking introductions through current partners.

Residency unlocks personal banking. Uruguay has historically been a HNW banking destination in the region; standards have tightened materially.

Family

Family reunification is supported on most residency routes. International schools (English-language and Spanish) are available in Panama City.

CBI can include qualifying dependents.

Family reunification is supported. Schools (public, private, bilingual, international) are concentrated in Montevideo and Punta del Este.

Risks

Risks Bordercase watches for in Panama:

  • Reputational / de-banking risks for poorly structured offshore-only setups
  • Tax residency analysis for clients with other obligations (CRS / FATCA)
  • Processing delays at Migration
  • UBO reporting is now active

Risks Bordercase watches for in Dominica:

  • Programme parameters change
  • Due diligence has tightened
  • Reputational and revocation risks if information is misrepresented

Risks Bordercase watches for in Uruguay:

  • Tax residency triggers (the new-resident tax holiday has conditions)
  • Banking documentation and source-of-funds rigor
  • Apostille + Spanish translation requirements
Documents

Typical Panama documents:

  • Passport
  • Criminal record certificate (apostilled)
  • Proof of economic tie (employment letter, property deed, or investment evidence)
  • Proof of address
  • Marriage / birth certificates for family

All documents apostilled and translated where required.

Typical CBI documents:

  • Passport
  • Due diligence questionnaires
  • Source-of-funds evidence (extensive)
  • Family certificates with apostille and translation

Typical Uruguayan documents:

  • Passport
  • Apostilled foreign documents
  • Proof of income or investment
  • Health insurance
  • Spanish translations where required

Country pages stay the authoritative source. This view is a side-by-side; nothing here promises a particular outcome.