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	Panama Central America & Caribbean	Bahamas Central America & Caribbean	Barbados Central America & Caribbean	Mauritius Africa
Overview	Panama is a long-established jurisdiction for residency and offshore company structures with a stable USD economy. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Panamanian lawyers and corporate-services partners.	The Bahamas is a Caribbean jurisdiction with structured residency routes including the Economic Permanent Residence and an active fund / family-office sector. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Bahamian partners.

Residency	Panama residency routes: Friendly Nations Visa - now requires economic tie (employment, real estate, or investment) Qualified Investor Visa - qualifying investment thresholds Pensionado / Retiree Visa - qualifying pension income Family routes	Bahamian residency routes: Economic Permanent Residence - qualifying property investment Annual residence permits for HNW Work permits - employer-sponsored Family routes	Barbadian residency routes: Welcome Stamp - 12-month remote-worker route, renewable Special Entry Permit - qualifying HNW relocators Standard work permits - employer-sponsored Family routes	Mauritius residency routes: Premium Visa - remote work Occupation Permit - investor / professional / self-employed Residence Permit by property purchase - within approved schemes Family routes

Company setup	Panamanian corporations (SA) and Private Interest Foundations are widely used. Beneficial ownership reporting, CRS / FATCA compliance, and substance discussions have become material; planning must reflect current standards.	IBCs (International Business Companies) are widely used; substance and reporting are now real. Funds and family-office structures are common.	Corporate entities for international business (formerly IBC) are well established. Substance and reporting requirements apply.	GBC (Global Business Company) and Domestic Companies are the standard structures. Substance requirements following OECD reforms must be considered; the GBC framework has evolved materially.

Banking	Panamanian banking has tightened KYC and source-of-funds requirements. Non-resident applications take time; Bordercase coordinates introductions through current banking partners.	Banking is selective and source-of-funds focused. Bordercase coordinates introductions through current partners.	Banking is mature but selective. Source-of-funds documentation is central. Bordercase coordinates introductions through current partners.	Local banks support resident and corporate accounts; KYC and source-of-funds requirements are real. Bordercase coordinates banking introductions.

Family	Family reunification is supported on most residency routes. International schools (English-language and Spanish) are available in Panama City.	Family inclusion is supported on most routes. International schools are concentrated on New Providence.	Family inclusion is supported. International schools are limited but present.	Family inclusion is supported. International schools are available in major regions.

Risks	Risks Bordercase watches for in Panama: Reputational / de-banking risks for poorly structured offshore-only setups Tax residency analysis for clients with other obligations (CRS / FATCA) Processing delays at Migration UBO reporting is now active	Risks Bordercase watches for in the Bahamas: Economic substance reporting Property due diligence Reputational handling around offshore structures	Risks Bordercase watches for in Barbados: Tax residency triggers Substance and reporting under the post-BEPS framework Welcome Stamp renewal conditions	Risks Bordercase watches for in Mauritius: Substance reform impacts on Global Business Companies FATCA / CRS reporting on related accounts Mauritian residency vs physical-presence-based tax residence elsewhere Banking introductions vary by activity

Documents	Typical Panama documents: Passport Criminal record certificate (apostilled) Proof of economic tie (employment letter, property deed, or investment evidence) Proof of address Marriage / birth certificates for family All documents apostilled and translated where required.	Typical Bahamian documents: Passport Source-of-funds evidence Health and police clearances Apostilled foreign documents	Typical Barbadian documents: Passport Proof of income or employment Health insurance valid in Barbados Police clearance for longer-stay routes Apostilled foreign documents for family	Typical Mauritius documents: Passport Criminal record certificate Proof of income / investment Health insurance Accommodation evidence Marriage / birth certificates for family Apostille where required.