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	Montenegro Europe	Argentina Latin America	Portugal Europe
Overview	Montenegro is a non-EU European country with structured residency routes, EU candidate status, and a growing role as a base for founders and remote workers in the region. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Montenegrin partners.	Argentina is a major South American economy with structured residency routes and a competitive cost of living for international founders and families. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Argentine partners for filings.	Portugal is a popular EU destination for individuals, families, and remote professionals. Bordercase coordinates assessment across the main residency routes and family relocation logistics, working with licensed Portuguese partners for filings.
Best for	Cost of living Coastal living Regional residency	Latin America hub Cost of living Founders Families	Families Remote workers Founders EU access
Currency	EUR	ARS	EUR
Language	Montenegrin / Serbian	Spanish	Portuguese
Time zone	UTC+1	UTC-3	UTC+1
EU member	No	No	Yes
Schengen	No	No	Yes
Residency	Montenegrin residency routes: Temporary residence via employment Business / self-employment Real-estate ownership Family reunification Permanent residence typically after 5 years.	Argentine residency routes: Rentista visa - passive income / pension Investor visa - qualifying investment in an Argentine business Worker visa - employer-sponsored Family routes - spouse, children, parents MERCOSUR fast-track for nationals of member states	Common Portuguese residency routes: D7 - passive income / pension D8 - digital nomad / remote work D2 - entrepreneur / self-employed D3 - highly qualified workers Tech Visa - eligible tech roles via accredited companies Golden Visa - restricted in scope after recent reforms Family reunification on most permits Each has different income, residency-day, and renewal requirements.
Company setup	DOO (limited liability) is the standard structure. Formation is well-documented and reasonably fast. Tax and VAT registration follow.	SA (Sociedad Anónima) and SRL (Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada) are the standard structures. CUIT, IGJ registration, and AFIP tax registration follow.	Portugal supports Lda (private limited) and SA (public limited) structures. Tax registration, social security registration, and a Portuguese tax representative are typically required. Substance, accounting, and reporting obligations are real.
Banking	Personal banking for residents is accessible. Corporate banking depends on activity. Bordercase coordinates introductions where useful.	Residency unlocks personal banking. Forex controls and currency volatility are part of the landscape; multi-jurisdiction structuring is common.	Personal accounts are accessible to residents and many non-residents; documentation is structured and predictable. Corporate banking depends on company structure and intended activity; Bordercase coordinates with banking partners for introductions.
Family	Family inclusion on residency applications is supported. International schools are available in Podgorica and on the coast.	Family reunification is supported on most routes. Schools (public, private, English, German, French) are widely available in Buenos Aires.	Family reunification is supported on most residency routes. Schools (public, private, and international) are widely available; the public system is generally accessible to legal residents.
Risks	Risks Bordercase watches for in Montenegro: Tax residency triggers EU accession dynamics may change rules over time Processing variations between municipalities Schengen entry / exit considerations for travel planning	Risks Bordercase watches for in Argentina: Currency / forex controls Tax residency triggers Document apostille + Spanish translation requirements	Risks Bordercase watches for in Portuguese cases: AIMA processing delays (formerly SEF) Misalignment between visa type and actual activity Tax residence triggered by accident - NHR window timing matters Past EU Schengen overstays must be disclosed Real estate vs investment routes have changed materially
Documents	Typical Montenegrin residency documents: Passport Criminal record certificate Proof of accommodation Basis for residence Health insurance Family certificates Apostilled and translated.	Typical Argentine documents: Passport Criminal record certificate (apostilled) Marriage / birth certificates for family Proof of income or investment Health insurance	Typical document pack for Portuguese residency: Passport NIF (Portuguese tax number) Proof of accommodation (lease, deed, or invitation) Proof of income or assets (varies by route) Criminal record certificate with apostille Health insurance valid in Portugal Marriage / birth certificates for family routes Certified translations where required

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