Compare jurisdictions, side by side.

Grenada routes:

• Citizenship by Investment (CBI) via fund contribution or qualifying real-estate investment
• Standard work permits
• Family routes

Spanish residency routes:

• Non-Lucrative Visa - passive income, no employment in Spain
• Digital Nomad Visa - remote workers and self-employed (Startups Law)
• Self-Employed Visa
• Entrepreneur Visa
• EU citizen-derivative routes

The Golden Visa has been phased out for real estate purchases.

Common Armenian residency routes:

• Temporary residence - issued for 1 year, renewable; granted for work, study, business, family, or Armenian ancestry
• Permanent residence - typically 5 years renewable; available after qualifying temporary stay or other qualifying ground
• Special residence - 10-year status for individuals of Armenian descent or those of significant value to Armenia
• Family reunification - spouse, children, dependant parents

Many nationalities can enter visa-free or with a simple e-visa for up to 180 days, which is often used to plan the right route.

Argentine residency routes:

• Rentista visa - passive income / pension
• Investor visa - qualifying investment in an Argentine business
• Worker visa - employer-sponsored
• Family routes - spouse, children, parents
• MERCOSUR fast-track for nationals of member states

Domestic companies and IBCs are common in international structures.

SL (Sociedad Limitada) is the standard private company. Registration involves NIE / NIF, notary, mercantile registry, and tax registration. Spanish tax residency triggers worldwide income reporting; the Beckham Law (special tax regime) may apply to eligible relocated workers.

Standard Armenian entities and tax treatment:

• LLC (Sahmanapak Pataskhanatvutyamb Enkerutyun) - the default private entity; fast online formation
• Individual Entrepreneur (IE) - simple setup; Turnover Tax regime at 5% (or category-specific rates) for qualifying small businesses
• IT Sector incentives - certified IT companies have historically benefited from reduced corporate tax and payroll incentives (programmes are revised periodically)
• Standard CIT is 18%; dividend withholding is 5% for residents

Bordercase coordinates structure choice to match real activity and current incentive frameworks.

SA (Sociedad Anónima) and SRL (Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada) are the standard structures. CUIT, IGJ registration, and AFIP tax registration follow.

Banking is selective. Bordercase coordinates banking introductions through current partners.

Personal banking for residents is straightforward; corporate banking depends on activity and structure. Bordercase coordinates introductions for non-standard cases.

Personal and corporate banking is broadly accessible through Ameriabank, ACBA Bank, Ardshinbank, and others - typically with USD, EUR, RUB, and AMD accounts. Onboarding is straightforward for clean cases; expect source-of-funds questions for larger flows. Bordercase coordinates introductions where useful.

Residency unlocks personal banking. Forex controls and currency volatility are part of the landscape; multi-jurisdiction structuring is common.

CBI can include qualifying dependents.

Family reunification is supported on most residency routes after a qualifying period. Schools (public, private, international) are widely available; the public system is generally accessible to legal residents.

Family reunification is supported across most routes. English-language international schools are available in Yerevan. Healthcare is a mix of public and private; private cover is recommended for relocating families.

Family reunification is supported on most routes. Schools (public, private, English, German, French) are widely available in Buenos Aires.

Risks Bordercase watches for in Grenada:

• Programme parameters change
• Due diligence has tightened
• Reputational and revocation risks if information is misrepresented

Risks Bordercase watches for in Spain:

• Tax residency triggers - 183 days + centre of interests
• Beckham Law (special regime) eligibility
• Autonomous-community tax variation
• Hacienda audits when planning is unclear
• Past Schengen overstays must be disclosed

Risks Bordercase watches for in Armenia:

• Tax residency triggers - 183 days makes you tax-resident under Armenian rules
• IT certification scope - incentives apply only to certified, qualifying activities
• Russia/EAEU exposure - Armenia is part of EAEU; some structures benefit from this, others raise sanctions/banking flags
• Source-of-funds scrutiny for non-standard transfer corridors
• Permit renewals - documentation continuity matters across cycles

Risks Bordercase watches for in Argentina:

• Currency / forex controls
• Tax residency triggers
• Document apostille + Spanish translation requirements

Typical CBI documents:

• Passport
• Due diligence questionnaires
• Source-of-funds evidence (extensive)
• Family certificates with apostille and translation

Typical Spanish residency documents:

• Passport
• NIE (foreigner identification number)
• Criminal record certificate with apostille
• Proof of income / assets
• Health insurance with full cover in Spain
• Accommodation evidence
• Marriage / birth certificates for family routes

Typical Armenian residency documents:

• Passport (6+ months valid)
• Proof of basis (employment, business, study, ancestry, family)
• Proof of accommodation
• Health insurance
• Bank statements / proof of income
• Criminal record certificate (apostilled, where required)
• Marriage / birth certificates for family routes

Apostille and certified translation into Armenian where required.

Typical Argentine documents:

• Passport
• Criminal record certificate (apostilled)
• Marriage / birth certificates for family
• Proof of income or investment
• Health insurance