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Countries

	Grenada Central America & Caribbean	Argentina Latin America	Bulgaria Europe	Türkiye Europe
Overview	Grenada is a Caribbean jurisdiction with a Citizenship by Investment programme that uniquely supports US E-2 treaty access. Bordercase coordinates with authorised local agents.	Argentina is a major South American economy with structured residency routes and a competitive cost of living for international founders and families. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Argentine partners for filings.	Bulgaria is an EU member state with competitive corporate tax, structured residency routes, and a well-developed digital infrastructure. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Bulgarian partners for filings.	Türkiye offers a range of residency routes from short-term tourist residency to longer-term investor / family / work routes. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Turkish lawyers for filings.
Best for	Second passport US E-2 access English admin	Latin America hub Cost of living Founders Families	Founders EU access Cost of living	Citizenship by investment Cost of living Regional residency Families
Currency	XCD	ARS	BGN / EUR transition	TRY
Language	English	Spanish	Bulgarian	Turkish
Time zone	UTC-4	UTC-3	UTC+2	UTC+3
EU member	No	No	Yes	No
Schengen	No	No	Yes	No
Residency	Grenada routes: Citizenship by Investment (CBI) via fund contribution or qualifying real-estate investment Standard work permits Family routes	Argentine residency routes: Rentista visa - passive income / pension Investor visa - qualifying investment in an Argentine business Worker visa - employer-sponsored Family routes - spouse, children, parents MERCOSUR fast-track for nationals of member states	Bulgarian residency routes: Employment-based residence Business / self-employment routes Retirement / pensioner residency Family reunification EU citizen-derivative routes Permanent residence typically after 5 years.	Türkiye residency routes: Short-term residence permit (1-2 years, renewable) Family permit Work permit - employer-sponsored Student permit Citizenship-by-investment via real estate or qualifying deposits / investments
Company setup	Domestic companies and IBCs are common in international structures.	SA (Sociedad Anónima) and SRL (Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada) are the standard structures. CUIT, IGJ registration, and AFIP tax registration follow.	OOD (LLC) and EOOD (single-shareholder LLC) are common structures. Formation is well-documented. Corporate tax is at a flat rate; VAT registration depends on activity.	Limited Şirket (LLC) and AŞ (Joint Stock) are common structures. Notary registration, tax registration, and a tax representative are typically required.
Banking	Banking is selective. Bordercase coordinates banking introductions through current partners.	Residency unlocks personal banking. Forex controls and currency volatility are part of the landscape; multi-jurisdiction structuring is common.	Personal and corporate banking for residents is broadly accessible. Source-of-funds documentation matters for non-standard cases. Bordercase coordinates banking introductions.	Personal banking for residents is broadly accessible; non-resident corporate banking has tightened. Source-of-funds and ownership clarity are central.
Family	CBI can include qualifying dependents.	Family reunification is supported on most routes. Schools (public, private, English, German, French) are widely available in Buenos Aires.	Family reunification is supported. Schools (public, private, English, German, French) are concentrated in Sofia, Plovdiv, and Varna.	Family reunification is supported on most routes. International schools (English, German, French, Italian) are available in Istanbul and Ankara.
Risks	Risks Bordercase watches for in Grenada: Programme parameters change Due diligence has tightened Reputational and revocation risks if information is misrepresented	Risks Bordercase watches for in Argentina: Currency / forex controls Tax residency triggers Document apostille + Spanish translation requirements	Risks Bordercase watches for in Bulgaria: Tax residency triggers VAT classification on cross-border services Processing variations between regions Euro adoption is in progress - operational planning needed	Risks Bordercase watches for in Türkiye: Restricted residency zones (some districts no longer issue short-term residency to foreigners) Currency volatility on investment routes Shifting policy on the citizenship-by-investment programme Banking documentation requirements tighten regularly
Documents	Typical CBI documents: Passport Due diligence questionnaires Source-of-funds evidence (extensive) Family certificates with apostille and translation	Typical Argentine documents: Passport Criminal record certificate (apostilled) Marriage / birth certificates for family Proof of income or investment Health insurance	Typical Bulgarian residency documents: Passport Criminal record certificate Proof of address Basis for residence (employment, business, etc.) Health insurance Family certificates Apostilled and translated to Bulgarian.	Typical Türkiye documents: Passport Biometric photos Proof of address Proof of income or savings Health insurance Criminal record certificate Marriage / birth certificates for family Documents apostilled and translated to Turkish.

Grenada

Central America & Caribbean

Argentina

Latin America

Bulgaria

Europe

Türkiye

Europe

Overview

Grenada is a Caribbean jurisdiction with a Citizenship by Investment programme that uniquely supports US E-2 treaty access. Bordercase coordinates with authorised local agents.

Argentina is a major South American economy with structured residency routes and a competitive cost of living for international founders and families. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Argentine partners for filings.

Bulgaria is an EU member state with competitive corporate tax, structured residency routes, and a well-developed digital infrastructure. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Bulgarian partners for filings.

Türkiye offers a range of residency routes from short-term tourist residency to longer-term investor / family / work routes. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Turkish lawyers for filings.

Best for

Second passport
US E-2 access
English admin

Latin America hub
Cost of living
Founders
Families

Founders
EU access
Cost of living

Citizenship by investment
Cost of living
Regional residency
Families

Currency

XCD

ARS

BGN / EUR transition

TRY

Language

English

Spanish

Bulgarian

Turkish

Time zone

UTC-4

UTC-3

UTC+2

UTC+3

EU member

Yes

Schengen

Yes

Residency

Grenada routes:

Citizenship by Investment (CBI) via fund contribution or qualifying real-estate investment
Standard work permits
Family routes

Argentine residency routes:

Rentista visa - passive income / pension
Investor visa - qualifying investment in an Argentine business
Worker visa - employer-sponsored
Family routes - spouse, children, parents
MERCOSUR fast-track for nationals of member states

Bulgarian residency routes:

Employment-based residence
Business / self-employment routes
Retirement / pensioner residency
Family reunification
EU citizen-derivative routes

Permanent residence typically after 5 years.

Türkiye residency routes:

Short-term residence permit (1-2 years, renewable)
Family permit
Work permit - employer-sponsored
Student permit
Citizenship-by-investment via real estate or qualifying deposits / investments

Company setup

Domestic companies and IBCs are common in international structures.

SA (Sociedad Anónima) and SRL (Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada) are the standard structures. CUIT, IGJ registration, and AFIP tax registration follow.

OOD (LLC) and EOOD (single-shareholder LLC) are common structures. Formation is well-documented. Corporate tax is at a flat rate; VAT registration depends on activity.

Limited Şirket (LLC) and AŞ (Joint Stock) are common structures. Notary registration, tax registration, and a tax representative are typically required.

Banking

Banking is selective. Bordercase coordinates banking introductions through current partners.

Residency unlocks personal banking. Forex controls and currency volatility are part of the landscape; multi-jurisdiction structuring is common.

Personal and corporate banking for residents is broadly accessible. Source-of-funds documentation matters for non-standard cases. Bordercase coordinates banking introductions.

Personal banking for residents is broadly accessible; non-resident corporate banking has tightened. Source-of-funds and ownership clarity are central.

Family

CBI can include qualifying dependents.

Family reunification is supported on most routes. Schools (public, private, English, German, French) are widely available in Buenos Aires.

Family reunification is supported. Schools (public, private, English, German, French) are concentrated in Sofia, Plovdiv, and Varna.

Family reunification is supported on most routes. International schools (English, German, French, Italian) are available in Istanbul and Ankara.

Risks

Risks Bordercase watches for in Grenada:

Programme parameters change
Due diligence has tightened
Reputational and revocation risks if information is misrepresented

Risks Bordercase watches for in Argentina:

Currency / forex controls
Tax residency triggers
Document apostille + Spanish translation requirements

Risks Bordercase watches for in Bulgaria:

Tax residency triggers
VAT classification on cross-border services
Processing variations between regions
Euro adoption is in progress - operational planning needed

Risks Bordercase watches for in Türkiye:

Restricted residency zones (some districts no longer issue short-term residency to foreigners)
Currency volatility on investment routes
Shifting policy on the citizenship-by-investment programme
Banking documentation requirements tighten regularly

Documents

Typical CBI documents:

Passport
Due diligence questionnaires
Source-of-funds evidence (extensive)
Family certificates with apostille and translation

Typical Argentine documents:

Passport
Criminal record certificate (apostilled)
Marriage / birth certificates for family
Proof of income or investment
Health insurance

Typical Bulgarian residency documents:

Passport
Criminal record certificate
Proof of address
Basis for residence (employment, business, etc.)
Health insurance
Family certificates

Apostilled and translated to Bulgarian.

Typical Türkiye documents:

Passport
Biometric photos
Proof of address
Proof of income or savings
Health insurance
Criminal record certificate
Marriage / birth certificates for family

Documents apostilled and translated to Turkish.