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Countries

	Greece Europe	Romania Europe	Türkiye Europe	Montenegro Europe
Overview	Greece offers structured EU residency routes including the Golden Visa investor route, the Digital Nomad Visa, and the Financially Independent Person (FIP) route. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Greek partners for filings and ongoing compliance.	Romania is an EU member state with structured residency routes, accessible company formation, and competitive costs for founders and remote professionals. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Romanian partners.	Türkiye offers a range of residency routes from short-term tourist residency to longer-term investor / family / work routes. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Turkish lawyers for filings.	Montenegro is a non-EU European country with structured residency routes, EU candidate status, and a growing role as a base for founders and remote workers in the region. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Montenegrin partners.
Best for	Families Remote workers EU access Coastal living	Founders Digital nomads EU access Cost of living	Citizenship by investment Cost of living Regional residency Families	Cost of living Coastal living Regional residency
Currency	EUR	RON	TRY	EUR
Language	Greek	Romanian	Turkish	Montenegrin / Serbian
Time zone	UTC+2	UTC+2	UTC+3	UTC+1
EU member	Yes	Yes	No	No
Schengen	Yes	Yes	No	No
Residency	Greek residency routes: Golden Visa - property investment (thresholds vary by region, recently raised) Digital Nomad Visa - remote workers Financially Independent Person (FIP) - passive-income individuals Employment routes Each route has different residency-day and renewal requirements.	Romanian residency routes: Employment-based residence (including the Blue Card) Digital Nomad Visa - remote workers Business / investor routes Family reunification EU citizen-derivative routes	Türkiye residency routes: Short-term residence permit (1-2 years, renewable) Family permit Work permit - employer-sponsored Student permit Citizenship-by-investment via real estate or qualifying deposits / investments	Montenegrin residency routes: Temporary residence via employment Business / self-employment Real-estate ownership Family reunification Permanent residence typically after 5 years.
Company setup	IKE (Private Company), EPE (LLC), and AE (Joint Stock Company) are common structures. Greek tax residency triggers worldwide income reporting; the non-dom regime may apply to eligible high-net-worth relocators.	SRL (limited liability) is the standard structure. Formation involves notary and trade registry. Microcompany tax regime may apply for small businesses with eligible activities.	Limited Şirket (LLC) and AŞ (Joint Stock) are common structures. Notary registration, tax registration, and a tax representative are typically required.	DOO (limited liability) is the standard structure. Formation is well-documented and reasonably fast. Tax and VAT registration follow.
Banking	Personal banking for residents is well established; corporate banking depends on activity. Bordercase coordinates introductions for non-standard structures.	Personal and corporate banking for residents is broadly accessible. Bordercase coordinates introductions for non-standard cross-border structures.	Personal banking for residents is broadly accessible; non-resident corporate banking has tightened. Source-of-funds and ownership clarity are central.	Personal banking for residents is accessible. Corporate banking depends on activity. Bordercase coordinates introductions where useful.
Family	Family reunification is supported on most routes. Schools (public, private, international, English-language) are available in major cities.	Family reunification is supported. International schools (English, French, German) are concentrated in Bucharest, Cluj, and Timișoara.	Family reunification is supported on most routes. International schools (English, German, French, Italian) are available in Istanbul and Ankara.	Family inclusion on residency applications is supported. International schools are available in Podgorica and on the coast.
Risks	Risks Bordercase watches for in Greece: Property due diligence - especially older buildings Tax residency triggers Non-dom regime conditions Registration timing across municipalities Some routes do not permit employment in Greece without additional permits	Risks Bordercase watches for in Romania: Tax residency triggers Microcompany regime eligibility Processing variations between counties Schengen entry / exit rules now apply	Risks Bordercase watches for in Türkiye: Restricted residency zones (some districts no longer issue short-term residency to foreigners) Currency volatility on investment routes Shifting policy on the citizenship-by-investment programme Banking documentation requirements tighten regularly	Risks Bordercase watches for in Montenegro: Tax residency triggers EU accession dynamics may change rules over time Processing variations between municipalities Schengen entry / exit considerations for travel planning
Documents	Typical Greek residency documents: Passport Criminal record certificate Proof of income / assets Health insurance valid in Greece Accommodation evidence (deed, lease) AFM (tax number) Apostille and certified Greek translation where required.	Typical Romanian residency documents: Passport Criminal record certificate Proof of address Basis for residence Health insurance Family certificates Apostilled and translated to Romanian.	Typical Türkiye documents: Passport Biometric photos Proof of address Proof of income or savings Health insurance Criminal record certificate Marriage / birth certificates for family Documents apostilled and translated to Turkish.	Typical Montenegrin residency documents: Passport Criminal record certificate Proof of accommodation Basis for residence Health insurance Family certificates Apostilled and translated.

Europe

Europe

Europe

Europe

Overview

Greece offers structured EU residency routes including the Golden Visa investor route, the Digital Nomad Visa, and the Financially Independent Person (FIP) route. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Greek partners for filings and ongoing compliance.

Romania is an EU member state with structured residency routes, accessible company formation, and competitive costs for founders and remote professionals. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Romanian partners.

Türkiye offers a range of residency routes from short-term tourist residency to longer-term investor / family / work routes. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Turkish lawyers for filings.

Montenegro is a non-EU European country with structured residency routes, EU candidate status, and a growing role as a base for founders and remote workers in the region. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Montenegrin partners.

Best for

Families
Remote workers
EU access
Coastal living

Founders
Digital nomads
EU access
Cost of living

Citizenship by investment
Cost of living
Regional residency
Families

Cost of living
Coastal living
Regional residency

Currency

EUR

RON

TRY

EUR

Language

Greek

Romanian

Turkish

Montenegrin / Serbian

Time zone

UTC+2

UTC+3

UTC+1

EU member

Yes

Schengen

Yes

Residency

Greek residency routes:

Golden Visa - property investment (thresholds vary by region, recently raised)
Digital Nomad Visa - remote workers
Financially Independent Person (FIP) - passive-income individuals
Employment routes

Each route has different residency-day and renewal requirements.

Romanian residency routes:

Employment-based residence (including the Blue Card)
Digital Nomad Visa - remote workers
Business / investor routes
Family reunification
EU citizen-derivative routes

Türkiye residency routes:

Short-term residence permit (1-2 years, renewable)
Family permit
Work permit - employer-sponsored
Student permit
Citizenship-by-investment via real estate or qualifying deposits / investments

Montenegrin residency routes:

Temporary residence via employment
Business / self-employment
Real-estate ownership
Family reunification

Permanent residence typically after 5 years.

Company setup

IKE (Private Company), EPE (LLC), and AE (Joint Stock Company) are common structures. Greek tax residency triggers worldwide income reporting; the non-dom regime may apply to eligible high-net-worth relocators.

SRL (limited liability) is the standard structure. Formation involves notary and trade registry. Microcompany tax regime may apply for small businesses with eligible activities.

Limited Şirket (LLC) and AŞ (Joint Stock) are common structures. Notary registration, tax registration, and a tax representative are typically required.

DOO (limited liability) is the standard structure. Formation is well-documented and reasonably fast. Tax and VAT registration follow.

Banking

Personal banking for residents is well established; corporate banking depends on activity. Bordercase coordinates introductions for non-standard structures.

Personal and corporate banking for residents is broadly accessible. Bordercase coordinates introductions for non-standard cross-border structures.

Personal banking for residents is broadly accessible; non-resident corporate banking has tightened. Source-of-funds and ownership clarity are central.

Personal banking for residents is accessible. Corporate banking depends on activity. Bordercase coordinates introductions where useful.

Family

Family reunification is supported on most routes. Schools (public, private, international, English-language) are available in major cities.

Family reunification is supported. International schools (English, French, German) are concentrated in Bucharest, Cluj, and Timișoara.

Family reunification is supported on most routes. International schools (English, German, French, Italian) are available in Istanbul and Ankara.

Family inclusion on residency applications is supported. International schools are available in Podgorica and on the coast.

Risks

Risks Bordercase watches for in Greece:

Property due diligence - especially older buildings
Tax residency triggers
Non-dom regime conditions
Registration timing across municipalities
Some routes do not permit employment in Greece without additional permits

Risks Bordercase watches for in Romania:

Tax residency triggers
Microcompany regime eligibility
Processing variations between counties
Schengen entry / exit rules now apply

Risks Bordercase watches for in Türkiye:

Restricted residency zones (some districts no longer issue short-term residency to foreigners)
Currency volatility on investment routes
Shifting policy on the citizenship-by-investment programme
Banking documentation requirements tighten regularly

Risks Bordercase watches for in Montenegro:

Tax residency triggers
EU accession dynamics may change rules over time
Processing variations between municipalities
Schengen entry / exit considerations for travel planning

Documents

Typical Greek residency documents:

Passport
Criminal record certificate
Proof of income / assets
Health insurance valid in Greece
Accommodation evidence (deed, lease)
AFM (tax number)

Apostille and certified Greek translation where required.

Typical Romanian residency documents:

Passport
Criminal record certificate
Proof of address
Basis for residence
Health insurance
Family certificates

Apostilled and translated to Romanian.

Typical Türkiye documents:

Passport
Biometric photos
Proof of address
Proof of income or savings
Health insurance
Criminal record certificate
Marriage / birth certificates for family

Documents apostilled and translated to Turkish.

Typical Montenegrin residency documents:

Passport
Criminal record certificate
Proof of accommodation
Basis for residence
Health insurance
Family certificates

Apostilled and translated.