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	Greece Europe	Portugal Europe	Italy Europe
Overview	Greece offers structured EU residency routes including the Golden Visa investor route, the Digital Nomad Visa, and the Financially Independent Person (FIP) route. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Greek partners for filings and ongoing compliance.	Portugal is a popular EU destination for individuals, families, and remote professionals. Bordercase coordinates assessment across the main residency routes and family relocation logistics, working with licensed Portuguese partners for filings.	Italy offers EU residency routes for self-employed, entrepreneurs, retirees, and recently a digital nomad / remote worker route. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Italian partners for filings and tax planning.
Best for	Families Remote workers EU access Coastal living	Families Remote workers Founders EU access	Families Remote workers EU access Long-term residency
Currency	EUR	EUR	EUR
Language	Greek	Portuguese	Italian
Time zone	UTC+2	UTC+1	UTC+1
EU member	Yes	Yes	Yes
Schengen	Yes	Yes	Yes
Residency	Greek residency routes: Golden Visa - property investment (thresholds vary by region, recently raised) Digital Nomad Visa - remote workers Financially Independent Person (FIP) - passive-income individuals Employment routes Each route has different residency-day and renewal requirements.	Common Portuguese residency routes: D7 - passive income / pension D8 - digital nomad / remote work D2 - entrepreneur / self-employed D3 - highly qualified workers Tech Visa - eligible tech roles via accredited companies Golden Visa - restricted in scope after recent reforms Family reunification on most permits Each has different income, residency-day, and renewal requirements.	Italian residency routes: Elective Residency Visa - passive income, no employment in Italy Self-employment visa (within quota) Entrepreneur visa Investor visa Digital nomad / remote worker - for qualified professionals Flat-tax regime (Article 24-bis) and impatriate regime may apply.
Company setup	IKE (Private Company), EPE (LLC), and AE (Joint Stock Company) are common structures. Greek tax residency triggers worldwide income reporting; the non-dom regime may apply to eligible high-net-worth relocators.	Portugal supports Lda (private limited) and SA (public limited) structures. Tax registration, social security registration, and a Portuguese tax representative are typically required. Substance, accounting, and reporting obligations are real.	SRL (Limited Liability Company) and SRL Semplificata are the standard structures. Italian tax residency triggers worldwide reporting; the flat-tax regime for new residents (article 24-bis) and the impatriate regime may apply to eligible individuals.
Banking	Personal banking for residents is well established; corporate banking depends on activity. Bordercase coordinates introductions for non-standard structures.	Personal accounts are accessible to residents and many non-residents; documentation is structured and predictable. Corporate banking depends on company structure and intended activity; Bordercase coordinates with banking partners for introductions.	Resident banking is straightforward; corporate banking and certain non-standard structures require coordination. Bordercase introduces banking partners where useful.
Family	Family reunification is supported on most routes. Schools (public, private, international, English-language) are available in major cities.	Family reunification is supported on most residency routes. Schools (public, private, and international) are widely available; the public system is generally accessible to legal residents.	Family reunification is supported. Public and private schools are widely available; international schools are concentrated in major cities.
Risks	Risks Bordercase watches for in Greece: Property due diligence - especially older buildings Tax residency triggers Non-dom regime conditions Registration timing across municipalities Some routes do not permit employment in Greece without additional permits	Risks Bordercase watches for in Portuguese cases: AIMA processing delays (formerly SEF) Misalignment between visa type and actual activity Tax residence triggered by accident - NHR window timing matters Past EU Schengen overstays must be disclosed Real estate vs investment routes have changed materially	Risks Bordercase watches for in Italy: Tax residency triggers Flat-tax regime eligibility and possible revocation Regional administrative variation Language and bureaucratic friction Impatriate regime conditions vary
Documents	Typical Greek residency documents: Passport Criminal record certificate Proof of income / assets Health insurance valid in Greece Accommodation evidence (deed, lease) AFM (tax number) Apostille and certified Greek translation where required.	Typical document pack for Portuguese residency: Passport NIF (Portuguese tax number) Proof of accommodation (lease, deed, or invitation) Proof of income or assets (varies by route) Criminal record certificate with apostille Health insurance valid in Portugal Marriage / birth certificates for family routes Certified translations where required	Typical Italian residency documents: Passport Criminal record certificate Proof of income (significant for elective residency) Health insurance valid in Italy Accommodation evidence Codice fiscale (tax number) Apostille and certified Italian translation where required.

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