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Countries

	Dominica Central America & Caribbean	Bulgaria Europe	Montenegro Europe	Paraguay Latin America
Overview	Dominica is a Caribbean jurisdiction with a long-standing Citizenship by Investment programme. Bordercase coordinates with authorised local agents.	Bulgaria is an EU member state with competitive corporate tax, structured residency routes, and a well-developed digital infrastructure. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Bulgarian partners for filings.	Montenegro is a non-EU European country with structured residency routes, EU candidate status, and a growing role as a base for founders and remote workers in the region. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Montenegrin partners.	Paraguay offers one of the more accessible residency routes in Latin America for individuals seeking a second residence. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Paraguayan partners for filings.
Best for	Second passport English admin Caribbean residency	Founders EU access Cost of living	Cost of living Coastal living Regional residency	Second residency Low day-count Cost of living Latin America
Currency	XCD	BGN / EUR transition	EUR	PYG
Language	English	Bulgarian	Montenegrin / Serbian	Spanish / Guaraní
Time zone	UTC-4	UTC+2	UTC+1	UTC-4
EU member	No	Yes	No	No
Schengen	No	Yes	No	No
Residency	Dominica routes: Citizenship by Investment (CBI) via fund contribution or approved real-estate investment Standard work permits Family routes	Bulgarian residency routes: Employment-based residence Business / self-employment routes Retirement / pensioner residency Family reunification EU citizen-derivative routes Permanent residence typically after 5 years.	Montenegrin residency routes: Temporary residence via employment Business / self-employment Real-estate ownership Family reunification Permanent residence typically after 5 years.	Paraguay residency routes: Permanent residency via proof of solvency / qualifying income - the standard route Family inclusion on the main application Physical-presence requirements are relatively low compared to other jurisdictions.
Company setup	Domestic companies and IBCs are common in international structures.	OOD (LLC) and EOOD (single-shareholder LLC) are common structures. Formation is well-documented. Corporate tax is at a flat rate; VAT registration depends on activity.	DOO (limited liability) is the standard structure. Formation is well-documented and reasonably fast. Tax and VAT registration follow.	SRL (Limited Liability) and SA (Joint Stock) structures are available; entity setup is well-supported by local partners. Substance and reporting requirements should be confirmed at setup.
Banking	Banking is selective. Bordercase coordinates banking introductions through current partners.	Personal and corporate banking for residents is broadly accessible. Source-of-funds documentation matters for non-standard cases. Bordercase coordinates banking introductions.	Personal banking for residents is accessible. Corporate banking depends on activity. Bordercase coordinates introductions where useful.	Personal banking for residents is accessible. Bordercase coordinates introductions and documentation prep.
Family	CBI can include qualifying dependents.	Family reunification is supported. Schools (public, private, English, German, French) are concentrated in Sofia, Plovdiv, and Varna.	Family inclusion on residency applications is supported. International schools are available in Podgorica and on the coast.	Family inclusion on residency applications is supported. Schools (Spanish-language and limited international) are concentrated in Asunción.
Risks	Risks Bordercase watches for in Dominica: Programme parameters change Due diligence has tightened Reputational and revocation risks if information is misrepresented	Risks Bordercase watches for in Bulgaria: Tax residency triggers VAT classification on cross-border services Processing variations between regions Euro adoption is in progress - operational planning needed	Risks Bordercase watches for in Montenegro: Tax residency triggers EU accession dynamics may change rules over time Processing variations between municipalities Schengen entry / exit considerations for travel planning	Risks Bordercase watches for in Paraguay: Residency vs tax residency confusion Document apostille and translation requirements must be tracked carefully Some originating countries are subject to additional scrutiny Real-world banking outside Paraguay may not change because of Paraguayan residency
Documents	Typical CBI documents: Passport Due diligence questionnaires Source-of-funds evidence (extensive) Family certificates with apostille and translation	Typical Bulgarian residency documents: Passport Criminal record certificate Proof of address Basis for residence (employment, business, etc.) Health insurance Family certificates Apostilled and translated to Bulgarian.	Typical Montenegrin residency documents: Passport Criminal record certificate Proof of accommodation Basis for residence Health insurance Family certificates Apostilled and translated.	Typical Paraguay documents: Passport Criminal record certificate (origin country + any country of residence in last 5 years) Marriage / birth certificates for family Proof of income or solvency (savings / pension / business) All documents apostilled and translated to Spanish.

Dominica

Central America & Caribbean

Bulgaria

Europe

Montenegro

Europe

Paraguay

Latin America

Overview

Dominica is a Caribbean jurisdiction with a long-standing Citizenship by Investment programme. Bordercase coordinates with authorised local agents.

Bulgaria is an EU member state with competitive corporate tax, structured residency routes, and a well-developed digital infrastructure. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Bulgarian partners for filings.

Montenegro is a non-EU European country with structured residency routes, EU candidate status, and a growing role as a base for founders and remote workers in the region. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Montenegrin partners.

Paraguay offers one of the more accessible residency routes in Latin America for individuals seeking a second residence. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Paraguayan partners for filings.

Best for

Second passport
English admin
Caribbean residency

Founders
EU access
Cost of living

Cost of living
Coastal living
Regional residency

Second residency
Low day-count
Cost of living
Latin America

Currency

XCD

BGN / EUR transition

EUR

PYG

Language

English

Bulgarian

Montenegrin / Serbian

Spanish / Guaraní

Time zone

UTC-4

UTC+2

UTC+1

UTC-4

EU member

Yes

Schengen

Yes

Residency

Dominica routes:

Citizenship by Investment (CBI) via fund contribution or approved real-estate investment
Standard work permits
Family routes

Bulgarian residency routes:

Employment-based residence
Business / self-employment routes
Retirement / pensioner residency
Family reunification
EU citizen-derivative routes

Permanent residence typically after 5 years.

Montenegrin residency routes:

Temporary residence via employment
Business / self-employment
Real-estate ownership
Family reunification

Permanent residence typically after 5 years.

Paraguay residency routes:

Permanent residency via proof of solvency / qualifying income - the standard route
Family inclusion on the main application

Physical-presence requirements are relatively low compared to other jurisdictions.

Company setup

Domestic companies and IBCs are common in international structures.

OOD (LLC) and EOOD (single-shareholder LLC) are common structures. Formation is well-documented. Corporate tax is at a flat rate; VAT registration depends on activity.

DOO (limited liability) is the standard structure. Formation is well-documented and reasonably fast. Tax and VAT registration follow.

SRL (Limited Liability) and SA (Joint Stock) structures are available; entity setup is well-supported by local partners. Substance and reporting requirements should be confirmed at setup.

Banking

Banking is selective. Bordercase coordinates banking introductions through current partners.

Personal and corporate banking for residents is broadly accessible. Source-of-funds documentation matters for non-standard cases. Bordercase coordinates banking introductions.

Personal banking for residents is accessible. Corporate banking depends on activity. Bordercase coordinates introductions where useful.

Personal banking for residents is accessible. Bordercase coordinates introductions and documentation prep.

Family

CBI can include qualifying dependents.

Family reunification is supported. Schools (public, private, English, German, French) are concentrated in Sofia, Plovdiv, and Varna.

Family inclusion on residency applications is supported. International schools are available in Podgorica and on the coast.

Family inclusion on residency applications is supported. Schools (Spanish-language and limited international) are concentrated in Asunción.

Risks

Risks Bordercase watches for in Dominica:

Programme parameters change
Due diligence has tightened
Reputational and revocation risks if information is misrepresented

Risks Bordercase watches for in Bulgaria:

Tax residency triggers
VAT classification on cross-border services
Processing variations between regions
Euro adoption is in progress - operational planning needed

Risks Bordercase watches for in Montenegro:

Tax residency triggers
EU accession dynamics may change rules over time
Processing variations between municipalities
Schengen entry / exit considerations for travel planning

Risks Bordercase watches for in Paraguay:

Residency vs tax residency confusion
Document apostille and translation requirements must be tracked carefully
Some originating countries are subject to additional scrutiny
Real-world banking outside Paraguay may not change because of Paraguayan residency

Documents

Typical CBI documents:

Passport
Due diligence questionnaires
Source-of-funds evidence (extensive)
Family certificates with apostille and translation

Typical Bulgarian residency documents:

Passport
Criminal record certificate
Proof of address
Basis for residence (employment, business, etc.)
Health insurance
Family certificates

Apostilled and translated to Bulgarian.

Typical Montenegrin residency documents:

Passport
Criminal record certificate
Proof of accommodation
Basis for residence
Health insurance
Family certificates

Apostilled and translated.

Typical Paraguay documents:

Passport
Criminal record certificate (origin country + any country of residence in last 5 years)
Marriage / birth certificates for family
Proof of income or solvency (savings / pension / business)

All documents apostilled and translated to Spanish.