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	Armenia Europe	Spain Europe	British Virgin Islands Central America & Caribbean	Uruguay Latin America
Overview	Armenia has become an accessible relocation and operational base since 2022, with a maturing IT sector, simple residency routes, and a competitive tax framework. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Armenian partners for filings.	Spain offers structured EU residency routes for individuals, families, and entrepreneurs, including the digital nomad visa introduced under the Startups Law. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Spanish partners for filings.

Best for	Founders IT professionals Tax simplification Banking diversification Regional hub	Families Remote workers EU access Cost of living	Holding structures International funds English admin	HNW Stable economy Latin America hub Banking

Residency	Common Armenian residency routes: Temporary residence - issued for 1 year, renewable; granted for work, study, business, family, or Armenian ancestry Permanent residence - typically 5 years renewable; available after qualifying temporary stay or other qualifying ground Special residence - 10-year status for individuals of Armenian descent or those of significant value to Armenia Family reunification - spouse, children, dependant parents Many nationalities can enter visa-free or with a simple e-visa for up to 180 days, which is often used to plan the right route.	Spanish residency routes: Non-Lucrative Visa - passive income, no employment in Spain Digital Nomad Visa - remote workers and self-employed (Startups Law) Self-Employed Visa Entrepreneur Visa EU citizen-derivative routes The Golden Visa has been phased out for real estate purchases.	BVI presence options: Work permits - employer-sponsored Residency for HNW under specific programmes Limited tourist / business visit arrangements	Uruguayan residency routes: Standard residency - proof of income / qualifying activity Investor route Retirement / pensioner route MERCOSUR fast-track for member-state nationals Family reunification

Company setup	Standard Armenian entities and tax treatment: LLC (Sahmanapak Pataskhanatvut`yamb Enkerut`yun) - the default private entity; fast online formation Individual Entrepreneur (IE) - simple setup; Turnover Tax regime at 5% (or category-specific rates) for qualifying small businesses IT Sector incentives - certified IT companies have historically benefited from reduced corporate tax and payroll incentives (programmes are revised periodically) Standard CIT is 18%; dividend withholding is 5% for residents Bordercase coordinates structure choice to match real activity and current incentive frameworks.	SL (Sociedad Limitada) is the standard private company. Registration involves NIE / NIF, notary, mercantile registry, and tax registration. Spanish tax residency triggers worldwide income reporting; the Beckham Law (special tax regime) may apply to eligible relocated workers.	BVI Business Companies (BVI BC) are the standard structure. Economic substance applies to relevant activities; UBO reporting is mandatory.	SAS and SA are common structures. DGI tax registration and BPS social-security registration follow.

Banking	Personal and corporate banking is broadly accessible through Ameriabank, ACBA Bank, Ardshinbank, and others - typically with USD, EUR, RUB, and AMD accounts. Onboarding is straightforward for clean cases; expect source-of-funds questions for larger flows. Bordercase coordinates introductions where useful.	Personal banking for residents is straightforward; corporate banking depends on activity and structure. Bordercase coordinates introductions for non-standard cases.	Banking access has tightened materially; EMIs are common supplements. Bordercase coordinates introductions for cross-border cases.	Residency unlocks personal banking. Uruguay has historically been a HNW banking destination in the region; standards have tightened materially.

Family	Family reunification is supported across most routes. English-language international schools are available in Yerevan. Healthcare is a mix of public and private; private cover is recommended for relocating families.	Family reunification is supported on most residency routes after a qualifying period. Schools (public, private, international) are widely available; the public system is generally accessible to legal residents.	Family inclusion follows the main route. International schools are limited.	Family reunification is supported. Schools (public, private, bilingual, international) are concentrated in Montevideo and Punta del Este.

Risks	Risks Bordercase watches for in Armenia: Tax residency triggers - 183 days makes you tax-resident under Armenian rules IT certification scope - incentives apply only to certified, qualifying activities Russia/EAEU exposure - Armenia is part of EAEU; some structures benefit from this, others raise sanctions/banking flags Source-of-funds scrutiny for non-standard transfer corridors Permit renewals - documentation continuity matters across cycles	Risks Bordercase watches for in Spain: Tax residency triggers - 183 days + centre of interests Beckham Law (special regime) eligibility Autonomous-community tax variation Hacienda audits when planning is unclear Past Schengen overstays must be disclosed	Risks Bordercase watches for in the BVI: Economic substance reporting UBO disclosure and beneficial ownership reform Reputational handling around offshore structures	Risks Bordercase watches for in Uruguay: Tax residency triggers (the new-resident tax holiday has conditions) Banking documentation and source-of-funds rigor Apostille + Spanish translation requirements

Documents	Typical Armenian residency documents: Passport (6+ months valid) Proof of basis (employment, business, study, ancestry, family) Proof of accommodation Health insurance Bank statements / proof of income Criminal record certificate (apostilled, where required) Marriage / birth certificates for family routes Apostille and certified translation into Armenian where required.	Typical Spanish residency documents: Passport NIE (foreigner identification number) Criminal record certificate with apostille Proof of income / assets Health insurance with full cover in Spain Accommodation evidence Marriage / birth certificates for family routes	Typical BVI documents: Passport Source-of-funds evidence KYC for all UBOs Apostilled foreign documents	Typical Uruguayan documents: Passport Apostilled foreign documents Proof of income or investment Health insurance Spanish translations where required