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	Argentina Latin America	Uruguay Latin America	Italy Europe	Türkiye Europe
Overview	Argentina is a major South American economy with structured residency routes and a competitive cost of living for international founders and families. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Argentine partners for filings.	Uruguay is a stable South American jurisdiction with structured residency routes, strong civil infrastructure, and notable second-residence appeal for HNW relocators. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Uruguayan partners.

Best for	Latin America hub Cost of living Founders Families	HNW Stable economy Latin America hub Banking	Families Remote workers EU access Long-term residency	Citizenship by investment Cost of living Regional residency Families

Residency	Argentine residency routes: Rentista visa - passive income / pension Investor visa - qualifying investment in an Argentine business Worker visa - employer-sponsored Family routes - spouse, children, parents MERCOSUR fast-track for nationals of member states	Uruguayan residency routes: Standard residency - proof of income / qualifying activity Investor route Retirement / pensioner route MERCOSUR fast-track for member-state nationals Family reunification	Italian residency routes: Elective Residency Visa - passive income, no employment in Italy Self-employment visa (within quota) Entrepreneur visa Investor visa Digital nomad / remote worker - for qualified professionals Flat-tax regime (Article 24-bis) and impatriate regime may apply.	Türkiye residency routes: Short-term residence permit (1-2 years, renewable) Family permit Work permit - employer-sponsored Student permit Citizenship-by-investment via real estate or qualifying deposits / investments

Company setup	SA (Sociedad Anónima) and SRL (Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada) are the standard structures. CUIT, IGJ registration, and AFIP tax registration follow.	SAS and SA are common structures. DGI tax registration and BPS social-security registration follow.	SRL (Limited Liability Company) and SRL Semplificata are the standard structures. Italian tax residency triggers worldwide reporting; the flat-tax regime for new residents (article 24-bis) and the impatriate regime may apply to eligible individuals.	Limited Şirket (LLC) and AŞ (Joint Stock) are common structures. Notary registration, tax registration, and a tax representative are typically required.

Banking	Residency unlocks personal banking. Forex controls and currency volatility are part of the landscape; multi-jurisdiction structuring is common.	Residency unlocks personal banking. Uruguay has historically been a HNW banking destination in the region; standards have tightened materially.	Resident banking is straightforward; corporate banking and certain non-standard structures require coordination. Bordercase introduces banking partners where useful.	Personal banking for residents is broadly accessible; non-resident corporate banking has tightened. Source-of-funds and ownership clarity are central.

Family	Family reunification is supported on most routes. Schools (public, private, English, German, French) are widely available in Buenos Aires.	Family reunification is supported. Schools (public, private, bilingual, international) are concentrated in Montevideo and Punta del Este.	Family reunification is supported. Public and private schools are widely available; international schools are concentrated in major cities.	Family reunification is supported on most routes. International schools (English, German, French, Italian) are available in Istanbul and Ankara.

Risks	Risks Bordercase watches for in Argentina: Currency / forex controls Tax residency triggers Document apostille + Spanish translation requirements	Risks Bordercase watches for in Uruguay: Tax residency triggers (the new-resident tax holiday has conditions) Banking documentation and source-of-funds rigor Apostille + Spanish translation requirements	Risks Bordercase watches for in Italy: Tax residency triggers Flat-tax regime eligibility and possible revocation Regional administrative variation Language and bureaucratic friction Impatriate regime conditions vary	Risks Bordercase watches for in Türkiye: Restricted residency zones (some districts no longer issue short-term residency to foreigners) Currency volatility on investment routes Shifting policy on the citizenship-by-investment programme Banking documentation requirements tighten regularly

Documents	Typical Argentine documents: Passport Criminal record certificate (apostilled) Marriage / birth certificates for family Proof of income or investment Health insurance	Typical Uruguayan documents: Passport Apostilled foreign documents Proof of income or investment Health insurance Spanish translations where required	Typical Italian residency documents: Passport Criminal record certificate Proof of income (significant for elective residency) Health insurance valid in Italy Accommodation evidence Codice fiscale (tax number) Apostille and certified Italian translation where required.	Typical Türkiye documents: Passport Biometric photos Proof of address Proof of income or savings Health insurance Criminal record certificate Marriage / birth certificates for family Documents apostilled and translated to Turkish.