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Countries

	Argentina Latin America	Spain Europe	Mexico North America	Georgia Europe
Overview	Argentina is a major South American economy with structured residency routes and a competitive cost of living for international founders and families. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Argentine partners for filings.	Spain offers structured EU residency routes for individuals, families, and entrepreneurs, including the digital nomad visa introduced under the Startups Law. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Spanish partners for filings.	Mexico is a large North American economy with established routes for residency, growing remote-worker visa programs, and a strong fit for founders building toward Latin American customers. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Mexican partners for filings.	Georgia is one of the most accessible jurisdictions in the world for relocation, banking, and company setup - with 1-year visa-free entry for 95+ nationalities and a clean, modern tax framework. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Georgian partners for filings.
Best for	Latin America hub Cost of living Founders Families	Families Remote workers EU access Cost of living	Founders Families Latin America hub Cost of living	Founders IT professionals Tax simplification Banking diversification Cost of living
Currency	ARS	EUR	MXN	GEL
Language	Spanish	Spanish	Spanish	Georgian
Time zone	UTC-3	UTC+1	UTC-6	UTC+4
EU member	No	Yes	No	No
Schengen	No	Yes	No	No
Residency	Argentine residency routes: Rentista visa - passive income / pension Investor visa - qualifying investment in an Argentine business Worker visa - employer-sponsored Family routes - spouse, children, parents MERCOSUR fast-track for nationals of member states	Spanish residency routes: Non-Lucrative Visa - passive income, no employment in Spain Digital Nomad Visa - remote workers and self-employed (Startups Law) Self-Employed Visa Entrepreneur Visa EU citizen-derivative routes The Golden Visa has been phased out for real estate purchases.	Mexican residency routes: Temporary resident visa - via investment, employment, or qualifying income Permanent resident visa - via qualifying assets, retirement income, or after 4 years of temporary residency Family unity routes - for spouse and dependents of permanent residents / citizens Student visa Permanent residency unlocks indefinite stay with work authorisation.	Common Georgian residency routes: Work residence - employer-sponsored or via your own Georgian LLC Investment residence - real estate, capital, or business investment thresholds Study residence - enrolment at a Georgian institution Family reunification - spouse, children, dependant parents Permanent residence - typically after 6 years of continuous lawful stay
Company setup	SA (Sociedad Anónima) and SRL (Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada) are the standard structures. CUIT, IGJ registration, and AFIP tax registration follow.	SL (Sociedad Limitada) is the standard private company. Registration involves NIE / NIF, notary, mercantile registry, and tax registration. Spanish tax residency triggers worldwide income reporting; the Beckham Law (special tax regime) may apply to eligible relocated workers.	SA de CV (Sociedad Anónima) and S de RL de CV are the standard private entity types. Formation involves a notary, RFC (tax registration), and IMSS where staff are involved. Mexican tax residency is triggered by primary home and centre of economic interests.	Standard Georgian entities and tax treatment: LLC (Shps) - the default structure; fast online formation Individual Entrepreneur (IE) - simple setup; Small Business Status offers 1% turnover tax up to ~500k GEL/year for qualifying activities Virtual Zone - 0% corporate income tax on qualifying IT-export profits (subject to substance and qualifying-activity tests) International Company Status - reduced 5% CIT for qualifying IT and maritime companies with real operations Bordercase coordinates structure choice to match real activity and avoid substance traps.
Banking	Residency unlocks personal banking. Forex controls and currency volatility are part of the landscape; multi-jurisdiction structuring is common.	Personal banking for residents is straightforward; corporate banking depends on activity and structure. Bordercase coordinates introductions for non-standard cases.	Resident personal banking is broadly accessible; corporate banking depends on activity and structure. Source of funds and ownership clarity are central. Bordercase coordinates introductions for cross-border cases.	Personal and corporate banking is broadly accessible to residents and non-residents through TBC, Bank of Georgia, and others - typically with USD, EUR, and GEL accounts. Compliance has tightened materially since 2023; clear source-of-funds, business narrative, and tax residency clarity matter. Bordercase coordinates introductions where useful.
Family	Family reunification is supported on most routes. Schools (public, private, English, German, French) are widely available in Buenos Aires.	Family reunification is supported on most residency routes after a qualifying period. Schools (public, private, international) are widely available; the public system is generally accessible to legal residents.	Family reunification is supported on most residency routes. International schools (English, German, French, Japanese) are widely available in major cities; bilingual public and private schools are common.	Family reunification is supported across most residency routes. English-language international schools are available in Tbilisi and Batumi. Healthcare is a mix of public and private; expat-grade private cover is recommended.
Risks	Risks Bordercase watches for in Argentina: Currency / forex controls Tax residency triggers Document apostille + Spanish translation requirements	Risks Bordercase watches for in Spain: Tax residency triggers - 183 days + centre of interests Beckham Law (special regime) eligibility Autonomous-community tax variation Hacienda audits when planning is unclear Past Schengen overstays must be disclosed	Risks Bordercase watches for in Mexico: Centre-of-economic-interests test for tax residency Real-estate restrictions in the "restricted zone" (50 km from coast, 100 km from borders) - fideicomiso or Mexican company structure needed Income thresholds for temporary / permanent routes change with minimum wage indexation Late-stage RFC and CURP registrations	Risks Bordercase watches for in Georgia: Tax residency triggers - 183 days makes you tax-resident even without a permit Virtual Zone / IE status misuse - real activity must match the qualifying category, audits do happen Banking compliance - certain nationalities, sectors, and source-of-funds patterns face additional scrutiny Russia/Ukraine-related restrictions - operational and reputational considerations for some cases Permit timing - applying from inside Georgia vs at a consulate has different rules and risks
Documents	Typical Argentine documents: Passport Criminal record certificate (apostilled) Marriage / birth certificates for family Proof of income or investment Health insurance	Typical Spanish residency documents: Passport NIE (foreigner identification number) Criminal record certificate with apostille Proof of income / assets Health insurance with full cover in Spain Accommodation evidence Marriage / birth certificates for family routes	Typical Mexican documents: Passport Apostilled foreign documents (birth, marriage, criminal record) Proof of income or qualifying assets Photographs to specification Mexican consular application abroad for most routes	Typical Georgian residency documents: Passport (6+ months valid) Proof of basis (employment, business, study, family) Proof of accommodation Health insurance valid in Georgia Bank statements / proof of income Criminal record certificate (apostilled, where required) Marriage / birth certificates for family routes Apostille and certified translation into Georgian where required.

Latin America

Europe

North America

Europe

Overview

Argentina is a major South American economy with structured residency routes and a competitive cost of living for international founders and families. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Argentine partners for filings.

Spain offers structured EU residency routes for individuals, families, and entrepreneurs, including the digital nomad visa introduced under the Startups Law. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Spanish partners for filings.

Mexico is a large North American economy with established routes for residency, growing remote-worker visa programs, and a strong fit for founders building toward Latin American customers. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Mexican partners for filings.

Georgia is one of the most accessible jurisdictions in the world for relocation, banking, and company setup - with 1-year visa-free entry for 95+ nationalities and a clean, modern tax framework. Bordercase coordinates with licensed Georgian partners for filings.

Best for

Latin America hub
Cost of living
Founders
Families

Families
Remote workers
EU access
Cost of living

Founders
Families
Latin America hub
Cost of living

Founders
IT professionals
Tax simplification
Banking diversification
Cost of living

Currency

ARS

EUR

MXN

GEL

Language

Spanish

Georgian

Time zone

UTC-3

UTC+1

UTC-6

UTC+4

EU member

Yes

Schengen

Yes

Residency

Argentine residency routes:

Rentista visa - passive income / pension
Investor visa - qualifying investment in an Argentine business
Worker visa - employer-sponsored
Family routes - spouse, children, parents
MERCOSUR fast-track for nationals of member states

Spanish residency routes:

Non-Lucrative Visa - passive income, no employment in Spain
Digital Nomad Visa - remote workers and self-employed (Startups Law)
Self-Employed Visa
Entrepreneur Visa
EU citizen-derivative routes

The Golden Visa has been phased out for real estate purchases.

Mexican residency routes:

Temporary resident visa - via investment, employment, or qualifying income
Permanent resident visa - via qualifying assets, retirement income, or after 4 years of temporary residency
Family unity routes - for spouse and dependents of permanent residents / citizens
Student visa

Permanent residency unlocks indefinite stay with work authorisation.

Common Georgian residency routes:

Work residence - employer-sponsored or via your own Georgian LLC
Investment residence - real estate, capital, or business investment thresholds
Study residence - enrolment at a Georgian institution
Family reunification - spouse, children, dependant parents
Permanent residence - typically after 6 years of continuous lawful stay

Company setup

SA (Sociedad Anónima) and SRL (Sociedad de Responsabilidad Limitada) are the standard structures. CUIT, IGJ registration, and AFIP tax registration follow.

SL (Sociedad Limitada) is the standard private company. Registration involves NIE / NIF, notary, mercantile registry, and tax registration. Spanish tax residency triggers worldwide income reporting; the Beckham Law (special tax regime) may apply to eligible relocated workers.

SA de CV (Sociedad Anónima) and S de RL de CV are the standard private entity types. Formation involves a notary, RFC (tax registration), and IMSS where staff are involved. Mexican tax residency is triggered by primary home and centre of economic interests.

Standard Georgian entities and tax treatment:

LLC (Shps) - the default structure; fast online formation
Individual Entrepreneur (IE) - simple setup; Small Business Status offers 1% turnover tax up to ~500k GEL/year for qualifying activities
Virtual Zone - 0% corporate income tax on qualifying IT-export profits (subject to substance and qualifying-activity tests)
International Company Status - reduced 5% CIT for qualifying IT and maritime companies with real operations

Bordercase coordinates structure choice to match real activity and avoid substance traps.

Banking

Residency unlocks personal banking. Forex controls and currency volatility are part of the landscape; multi-jurisdiction structuring is common.

Personal banking for residents is straightforward; corporate banking depends on activity and structure. Bordercase coordinates introductions for non-standard cases.

Resident personal banking is broadly accessible; corporate banking depends on activity and structure. Source of funds and ownership clarity are central. Bordercase coordinates introductions for cross-border cases.

Personal and corporate banking is broadly accessible to residents and non-residents through TBC, Bank of Georgia, and others - typically with USD, EUR, and GEL accounts. Compliance has tightened materially since 2023; clear source-of-funds, business narrative, and tax residency clarity matter. Bordercase coordinates introductions where useful.

Family

Family reunification is supported on most routes. Schools (public, private, English, German, French) are widely available in Buenos Aires.

Family reunification is supported on most residency routes after a qualifying period. Schools (public, private, international) are widely available; the public system is generally accessible to legal residents.

Family reunification is supported on most residency routes. International schools (English, German, French, Japanese) are widely available in major cities; bilingual public and private schools are common.

Family reunification is supported across most residency routes. English-language international schools are available in Tbilisi and Batumi. Healthcare is a mix of public and private; expat-grade private cover is recommended.

Risks

Risks Bordercase watches for in Argentina:

Currency / forex controls
Tax residency triggers
Document apostille + Spanish translation requirements

Risks Bordercase watches for in Spain:

Tax residency triggers - 183 days + centre of interests
Beckham Law (special regime) eligibility
Autonomous-community tax variation
Hacienda audits when planning is unclear
Past Schengen overstays must be disclosed

Risks Bordercase watches for in Mexico:

Centre-of-economic-interests test for tax residency
Real-estate restrictions in the "restricted zone" (50 km from coast, 100 km from borders) - fideicomiso or Mexican company structure needed
Income thresholds for temporary / permanent routes change with minimum wage indexation
Late-stage RFC and CURP registrations

Risks Bordercase watches for in Georgia:

Tax residency triggers - 183 days makes you tax-resident even without a permit
Virtual Zone / IE status misuse - real activity must match the qualifying category, audits do happen
Banking compliance - certain nationalities, sectors, and source-of-funds patterns face additional scrutiny
Russia/Ukraine-related restrictions - operational and reputational considerations for some cases
Permit timing - applying from inside Georgia vs at a consulate has different rules and risks

Documents

Typical Argentine documents:

Passport
Criminal record certificate (apostilled)
Marriage / birth certificates for family
Proof of income or investment
Health insurance

Typical Spanish residency documents:

Passport
NIE (foreigner identification number)
Criminal record certificate with apostille
Proof of income / assets
Health insurance with full cover in Spain
Accommodation evidence
Marriage / birth certificates for family routes

Typical Mexican documents:

Passport
Apostilled foreign documents (birth, marriage, criminal record)
Proof of income or qualifying assets
Photographs to specification
Mexican consular application abroad for most routes

Typical Georgian residency documents:

Passport (6+ months valid)
Proof of basis (employment, business, study, family)
Proof of accommodation
Health insurance valid in Georgia
Bank statements / proof of income
Criminal record certificate (apostilled, where required)
Marriage / birth certificates for family routes

Apostille and certified translation into Georgian where required.